Peking Opera School

The Peking Opera Schools were boarding schools located throughout Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. The most well known of these schools are those that were based in Hong Kong during the 1950s and 60s, as many of the attending students subsequently embarked on successful careers in the Hong Kong film industry.

Attending students learned Peking opera, martial arts, acrobatics and tumbling and performed these skills for audiences. The schools produced a generation of stunt performers, action coreographers, actors and film directors including some of the most famous stars of Hong Kong action cinema. Public interest in Peking Opera waned in the late 1960s and the schools were closed.

Historically, pupils had been handpicked at a young age by a teacher (or sifu) and trained for a period of seven to ten years, on contract from their parents. As the teacher provided food and accommodation for the pupils during this period, they accrued a debt to the teacher that was later repaid through performance earnings. After 1911, training took place in more formally organised schools. Typically, students at these schools rose at five o'clock in the morning for exercises. The daytime would be spent learning the skills of acting and combat, and the senior students would perform in outside theatres in the evenings. If they made any mistakes during such performances, it was not uncommon for the entire group to be beaten with bamboo canes. Schools with less harsh training methods began to appear in 1930, but all schools were closed down in 1931 after the Japanese invasion. The modern schools, such as the China Drama Academy and the Spring and Autumn Drama School opened after the war, in around 1952.cite book | title=Peking Opera: A Short Guide| last=Halson| first=Elizabeth| year=1966| pages=8| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=Hong Kong]

The China Drama Academy

The "China Drama Academy" (中國戲劇學校, sometimes noted as the "China Drama and Opera Academy") is famous for being the childhood home of such famous actors as Jackie Chan (Yuen Lo), Sammo Hung (Yuen Lung), Yuen Biao, Yuen Qiu and Corey Yuen (Yuen Kwai). The Peking Opera school was run from a small theatre in the Lai Chi Kok amusement park, Kowloon by Master Yu Jim Yuen (于占元), a northern (北拳) kung fu practitioner and a very stern teacher. [cite video
title = Who Am I?, Star file: Jackie Chan (DVD featurette)
medium = DVD
publisher = Universe Laser, Hong Kong
year = 1998] Children were usually enrolled for a period of 10 years, whilst Yu taught them the acrobatic and acting skills that would later introduce many of them into the world of Chinese Theatre and movies.

Whilst attending the opera school under the tutelage of Yu Jim Yuen, the students all adopted their sifu's given name "Yuen" as their family name. The most capable children would become members of the performance troupe, the "Seven Little Fortunes". Though there were more than seven pupils in the troupe at any one time, only seven would appear in each performance. Jackie Chan was one of the Seven Little Fortunes and when asked about his most famous pupil, Master Yu Jim Yuen said that Jackie was "not one of the best, but the naughtiest, yes."

Life in the Opera School

Practice at the Peking Opera School was very strict. The students had been signed into contracts that would allow the instructors to punish them up until death. Training would take place up to 18 hours a day and included stretching, weapons training, acrobatics, martial arts and acting. In Jackie Chan's biography, he describes how students would be made to adopt the horse stance and other balancing poses, for long periods of time. If one student fell, they would be beaten and all students would be made to restart the exercise.

Whilst there, Chan earned the nickname "Double Boy" from the other students, due to the fact that he would often have to endure twice the training as the other students, but had twice the spirit. According to his book, "I Am Jackie Chan", one of the reasons Chan excelled was because he had been "adopted" by Yu, at the request of his parents. This meant any failure would have been a particular embarrassment, so he was made to practice for longer and often when others made mistakes, Chan was punished twice as hard as the perpetrator.

tudents of the China Drama Academy

* Sammo Hung (洪金寶)
* Jackie Chan (成龍)
* Yuen Biao (元彪)
* Corey Yuen (元奎)
* Yuen Wah (元華)
* Yuen Tak (元德) aka Yuen Tai
* Yuen Mo (元武) aka Yuen Miu / Yuen Wu
* Yuen Qiu (元秋)
* Ng Ming Tsui (吴明才) / Wu Ming-Tsai aka Yuen Choi
* Yuen Bo (元寶)
* Meng Yuen Man (孟元文)
* Yuen Fai (元煇)
* Yuen Bing (元彬)
* Wu Yuen Chun (吳元俊)
* Yuen Chu (元菊)

The Spring and Autumn Drama School

The "Spring and Autumn Drama School" was another opera school in Hong Kong, and was to some extent the China Drama Academy's "rival". It was run by Madame Fan Fok-Fa (粉菊花, aka Fen Juhua), who had been China's first female martial arts actress. The school also produced a number of stunt performers and actors, most notably Lam Ching Ying and Josephine Siao. Mars went on to become a member of the Jackie Chan Stunt Team ("Sing Ga Ban") and several others became members of "Hung Ga Ban", Sammo Hung's stunt team.

tudents of the Spring and Autumn Drama School

* Lam Ching Ying (林正英)
* Chin Kar Lok (錢嘉樂)
* Chan Lung (陳龍) aka Peter Chan
* Chung Fat (钟发)
* Meng Hoi (孟海) aka Mang Hoi / Randy Mang
* Mars (火星) aka Chiang Wing Fat
* Fung Hak-on (馮克安) aka Fung Hark-on
* Lee Hoi-san (李海生)
* John Lone (尊龙)
* Hsia Ho (候耀宗) aka Hsia Hou
* Tung Wei (董玮) aka Stephen Tung
* Austin Wai (惠天赐) aka Wai Tin Chi
* Josephine Siao (蕭芳芳) aka Siao Fong-fong
* Connie Chan Po-chu (陳寶珠)

Fu Shing Opera School (Taiwan)

A similar school in Taiwan was attended by another group of people who subsequently worked in the Hong Kong film industry. They included:

* Chiang Sheng (江生) aka Venom
* Judy Lee (嘉凌) aka Chia Ling / Charline Liu
* Philip Kwok (郭追)
* Angela Mao (茅瑛)
* Lee I Min (李剛 / 李藝民) aka Lee Yi Min / James Lee / Simon Lee
* Robert Tai (戴彻) aka Tai Chi Hsien
* James Tien (田俊)

References

Some info taken from [http://www.subwaycinema.com/frames/fokfa.htm Subway Cinema] and [http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Island/3102/cory-yuen.htm Los Angeles Times profile: Corey Yuen] Some aka names take from [http://www.hkcinemagic.com/en/main.asp HKCinemagic]