- Gerard C. Smith
Gerard Coad Smith (
May 4 ,1914 -July 4 ,1994 ) was the chief U.S. delegate to theStrategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) in 1969 and the first U.S. Chairman of theTrilateral Commission . He was awarded thePresidential Medal of Freedom onJanuary 16 ,1981 by PresidentJimmy Carter .Smith was born in New York City. His father, John Thomas Smith, was a lawyer who served as general counsel of General Motors Corporation for many years. Gerard Smith attended Yale Law School and became a practicing attorney in New York City. During World War II he served as a procurement officer for the Department of the Navy in Washington, DC. In 1950 he returned to government service as a special assistant to Thomas E. Murray, a member of the Atomic Energy Commission. Smith became an expert in the international aspects of the use of nuclear energy and helped brief the members of the AEC on President Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace proposal in 1953.
In 1954 Smith transferred to the Department of State and became a special assistant for atomic energy matters to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles. He continued to work on the international aspects of atomic energy and followed the disarmament negotiations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union which were being handled by Harold Stassen. In 1957 Smith was promoted to Assistant Secretary of State for Policy Planning, and became director ofthe policy planning staff. In this position he was responsible for developing policy on a wide range of international matters, much of which related to sensitive areas of east-west relations such as Berlin.
Smith returned to private life in 1961. He served as a consultant to a number of organizations and started his own magazine, Interplay, which promoted an internationalist viewpoint. During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations he also served as a special consultant to the Department of State on theMultilateral Force (MLF), an unsuccessful proposal to develop a military force in Western Europe.
At the start of the Nixon administration Smith was appointed director of the
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA). He led the U.S. negotiating team during theStrategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) with the Soviet Union which resulted in the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty of 1972.In 1973, following completion of the treaty, Smith again resigned from the government. David Rockefeller recruited him to help develop the
Trilateral Commission , an organization which encouraged Japanese businessmen to become more active in American and European affairs. Smith served as chairman of the North American delegation to the Commission. In this position he became acquainted with Jimmy Carter, the governor of Georgia, who was also active in the Commission.In 1977, after Carter became president, he invited Smith to serve as a special presidential representative for non-proliferation matters. Smith traveled to a number of underdeveloped countries, including India,Pakistan, Brazil and South Africa, in an effort to discourage the countries from developing nuclear weapons. He also worked with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to insure that spent nuclear fuel was not diverted to weapons.
Smith resigned from the government for the last time in 1980. He organized a private consulting firm, the Consultants International Group, which specialized in advising companies on international investments. He also retained an interest in disarmament and was active in educational and lobbyingorganizations such as the Arms Control Association and the Washington Council on Non-Proliferation. He strongly opposed President Reagan’s proposed Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI; popularly known as“Star Wars”) which he felt violated the 1972 ABM Treaty, and together with George Kennan,
McGeorge Bundy andRobert McNamara co-authored an article in Foreign Affairs calling upon the US to declare a policy of "no first use" of nuclear weapons.Bibliography
* "Disarming Diplomat: The Memoirs of Ambassador Gerard C. Smith, Arms Control Negotiator" (1996; ISBN 1-56833-062-6)Doubletalk: The Story of the First Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1980; ISBN 0-385-11444-3)
External links
* [http://www.medaloffreedom.com/GerardSmith.htm| Presidential Medal of Freedom]
* [http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/listofholdingshtml/finding_aids_s.html Papers of Gerard C. Smith, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library]
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