Emperor Go-Suzaku

Infobox_Monarch
name = Emperor Go-Suzaku
title =69th Emperor of Japan


caption =
reign =The 17th day of 4th month of Chōgen 9 (1036) - The 16th day of 1st month of Kantoku 2 (1045)
coronation =The 10th day of 7th month of Chōgen 9 (1036)
predecessor =Emperor Go-Ichijō
successor =Emperor Go-Reizei
suc-type =
heir =
consort =
issue =
royal house =
royal anthem =
father =Emperor Ichijō
mother =Fujiwara no "Shōshi"
date of birth =The 25th day of 11th month of Kankō 6 (December 14, 1009)
place of birth =Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
date of death =The 18th day of 1st month of Kantoku 2 (February 7, 1045)
place of death =Higashi-sanjō Tei (東三条第), Heian Kyō (Kyōto)
place of burial=Enjō-ji no "Misasagi" (円乗寺陵) (Kyōto)|

Emperor Go-Suzaku (後朱雀天皇 "Go-Suzaku-tennō") (December 14, 1009 – February 7, 1045) was the 69th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1036 through 1045. [Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Annales des empereurs du Japon," pp. 160-162; Brown, Delmer "et al." (1979). "Gukanshō," pp. 310-311; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki." p. 195-196.]

This 11th century sovereign was named after the 10th century Emperor Suzaku and "go-" (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he is sometimes called the "Later Emperor Suzaku". The Japanese word "go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Suzaku, the second" or as "Suzaku II."

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his "imina") [Brown, pp. 264. [Up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their "imina") were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.] ] was Atsunaga"-shinnō" (敦良親王). [Brown, p. 310; Varley, p. 197.] . He was also known as Atsunaga"-shinnō". [Titsingh, p. 160.]

His father was Emperor Ichijō. His mother was Fujiwara no Shōshi (or Akiko) (藤原彰子), the daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga (藤原道長). He was the younger brother and heir to Emperor Go-Ichijō.

Go-Suzaku had five Empresses and seven Imperial sons.Brown, p. 311.]

Consorts and children

Crown Princess (died before Emperor's accession): Fujiwara no "Kishi"/Yoshiko (藤原嬉子), 4th daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga
* Imperial Prince Chikahito (親仁親王) (Emperor Go-Reizei) (1025-1068)

Empress ("kōgō"): Imperial Princess "Teishi"/Sadako (禎子内親王) (1013-1094), 3rd daughter of Emperor Sanjō
* Imperial Prince Takahito (尊仁親王) (Emperor Go-Sanjō) (1034-1073)
* Imperial Princess Nagako/"Ryōshi" (良子内親王) (1029-1077) - Saiō at Ise Shrine 1036-1045 (Ippon-Jusangū, 一品准三宮)
* Imperial Princess "Kenshi" (娟子内親王) (1032-1103) - Saiin at Kamo Shrine 1036-1045, and later married to Minamoto no Toshifusa (源俊房)

Empress ("chūgū"): Fujiwara no "Genshi"/Motoko (藤原嫄子) (1016-1039), adopted daughter of Fujiwara no Yorimichi (biological daughter of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu (敦康親王))
* Imperial Princess "Yūshi"/Sukeko (祐子内親王) (1038-1105) - (Sanpon-Jusangū, 三品准三宮)
* Imperial Princess "Baishi" (禖子内親王) (Rokujō Saiin, 六条斎院) (1039-1096) - Saiin at Kamo Shrine 1046-1058

"Nyōgo": Fujiwara no Nariko/"Seishi" (藤原生子) (1014-1068), eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Norimichi (藤原教通)

"Nyōgo": Fujiwara "Enshi"/Nobuko (藤原延子) (1016-1095), 2nd daughter of Fujiwara no Yorimune (藤原頼宗)
* Imperial Princess Masako(正子内親王) (Oshinokōji-Saiin, 押小路斎院) (1045-1114) - Saiin at Kamo Shrine 1058-1069

Events of Go-Suzaku's life

* "Chōgen 9", on the 17th day of the 4th month (1036): In the 9th year of Emperor Go-Ichijō's reign (後一条天皇9年), he died; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a his son. [Brown, p. 310; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of "senso" is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have "senso" and "sokui" in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.] ]
* "Chōgen 9", in the 7th month (1036): Emperor Go-Suzaku is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’). [Titsingh, p. 160; Varley, p. 44.]

* "Kantoku 2", on the 16th day of the 1st month (1045): Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated.
* "Kantoku 2", on the 18th day of the 1st month (1045): The former-Emperor Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37. [Titsingh, p. 162; Brown, p. 311.] His reign has lasted nine years -- five in the "nengō" "Chōryaku", four in "Chōkyu", and 2 in "Kantoku".

.

Go-Suzaku is amongst six other emperors entombed near what had been the residence of Hosokawa Katsumoto before the Ōnin War.] Go-Suzaku is buried amongst the "Seven Imperial Tombs" at Ryoan-ji Temple in Kyoto. The specific mound which commemorates the Hosokawa Emperor Go-Suzaku is today named "Shu-zan." The emperor's burial place would have been quite humble in the period after Go-Suzaku died. These tombs reached their present state as a result of the 19th century restoration of imperial sepulchers ("misasagi") which were ordered by Emperor Meiji. The final resting place of Emperor Go-Suzaku's consort, Teishi Nai-shinnō (1013-1094), is here as well. [Moscher, G. (1978). "Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide," pp. 277-278.]

Kugyō

"Kugyō" (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Suzaku's reign, this apex of the "Daijō-kan included:
* "Sadaijin", Fujiwara Yorimichi, 992-1074.
* "Udaijin", Fujiwara Sanesuke, 957-1046.
* "Nadaijin", Fujiwara Norimichi, 997-1075. [see above] ]
* "Dainagon"

Eras of Go-Suzaku's reign

The years of Go-Suzaku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or "nengō". [Titsingh, p. 160-162.]
* "Chōgen" (1028-1037)
* "Chōryaku" (1037-1040)
* "Chōkyū" (1040-1044)
* "Kantoku" (1044-1046)

References

* Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220] , "Gukanshō; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & Ichirō Ishida." Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
* Mosher, Gouverneur. (1978). "Kyoto: A Contemplative Guide." Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle. ISBN 0-84048-1294-2
* Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652] , "Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth." Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ...Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)]
* Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359] , "Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley)." New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4