Smallwood Reservoir

Infobox_lake
lake_name = Smallwood Reservoir
image_lake =
caption_lake =
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
coords = coord|54|05|47|N|64|00|40|W|region:CA_type:waterbody|display=inline,title
location = Labrador
type = reservoir
inflow =
outflow = Churchill River
catchment =
basin_countries = Canada
length =
width =
area = 6,527 km² (2,520 sq mi)
depth =
max-depth =
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = 471 m
islands =
cities =
reference = Cite web| url= http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/lakes.html | title= Lakes of Canada | author= Atlas of Canada | authorlink= Atlas of Canada | accessdate= 2007-05-01] The Smallwood Reservoir is a large reservoir located in the western part of Labrador in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The reservoir is the source of the Churchill River. Unlike other reservoirs, water is contained not by a single large dam, but by a series of 88 dikes that total 64 km (40 miles) in length. It is named in honour of Joseph Roberts Smallwood

Created by damming the Churchill river, the Smallwood reservoir, with an area of 6,527 km² (2,520 sq mi), is the largest body of freshwater in the province. It is at the head of the Churchill Falls hydroelectric project and is the second-largest reservoir in the world.

History

The earliest evaluation of hydro potential of this vast reservoir was in 1942 Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Volume One, (p. 761 — 762) ISBN 0-920508-14-6] when H.G. Acres Company carried out a study for the Aluminum Company of Canada (ALCAN). Due to the remoteness of the site then, it was considered too expensive to build and deemed not viable. With the development of technologies for transmission of electricity over long distances the project design to build the power development including the main dam and control structure and the many dykes began in July 1967 by Acres Canadian Bechtel of Churchill Falls, a joint venture formed by Canadian Bechtel and Acres Engineering.

Geography

The reservoir is built on the Labrador Plateau, a saucer shaped plateau that ranged from 457 m to 579 m above sea level. Before construction it was inundated with many bogs and small interconnected lakes. The three largest of these lakes were the Ossokmanuan, the Lobstick and the Michikamau. Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Volume One, (p. 761 — 762) ISBN 0-920508-14-6] The Ossokmanuan became a reservoir for the Twin Falls power station.

The area was mostly drained by the Churchill River. At the edge of the plateau it dropped 66 m before the falls, a further 75 m at the falls and a further 158 m through the Bowdoin Canyon. It was called the Bowdoin Canyon for Bowdoin College of Maine which sponsored an expedition in 1891 to visit the falls.

Construction

The reservoir requires 88 dykes to prevent overflow outside of the reservoir. The highest of these dykes is 36 m and the longest at 6 km. The two reservoirs require three control structures to regulate flow. The Gabbro Control Structure which regulated the Ossokmanuan reservoir, the Lobstick Control Structure that regulates the Smallwood reservoir and the Whitefish Control Structure for the forebay reservoirs. Both forbay’s are further regulate by spillways to prevent flooding.

The project took 9 years to complete from 1966 to 1974, with peak construction in 1970 when a total of 6,245 workers were stationed at the main camp and eleven satellite camps. Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador, Volume One, (p. 761 — 762) ISBN 0-920508-14-6] The project was completed five months ahead of schedule.

ee also

*Churchill Falls

References and notes

External links

* [http://www.ccge.org/ccge/english/Resources/rivers/tr_rivers_churchillRiver.asp Canada Council on Geographical Education]