Acacia tortilis

Taxobox
name = "Acacia"


image_width = 250px
image_caption = "Acacia tortilis" in the Serengeti National Park
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Fabales
familia = Fabaceae
genus = "Acacia"
species = "A. tortilis"
binomial = "Acacia tortilis"
binomial_authority = Hayne

Umbrella Thorn Acacia ("Acacia tortilis") also known as "Umbrella Thorn" and "Israeli Babool", [ [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_tortilis.html Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne] , Perdue University, December 1997.] is a medium to large canopied tree native primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa (especially Sudan), but also occurring in the Middle East.

Characteristics

In extremely arid conditions, it may occur as a small, wiry bush. It grows up to 21m in height. [ [http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=118 World Agroforestry Centre] ] The tree carries leaves that grow to approx. 2.5 cm in length with between 4 and 10 pair of pinnae each with up to 15 pairs of leaflets. Flowers are small and white, highly aromatic, and occur in tight clusters. Seeds are produced in pods which are flat and coiled into a springlike structure.

The plant is known to tolerate high alkalinity, drought, high temperatures, sandy & stony soils, strongly sloped rooting surfaces, and sand blasting. Also, plants older than 2 years have been observed to be somewhat frost resistant.

Importance

Timber from the tree is used for furniture, wagon wheels, fence posts, cages, and pens. Acacia wood was also used exclusively by the Israelites in the Old Testament in the building of the tabernacle and the tabernacle furniture, including the Ark of the Covenant. The pods and foliage, which grow prolifically on the tree, are used as fodder for desert grazing animals. The bark is often used as a string medium in Tanganyika, and is a source for tannin. Gum from the tree is edible and can be used as Gum Arabic. Parts of the tree including roots, shoots, and pods are also often used by natives for a vast number of purposes including decorations, weapons, tools, and medicines. [ [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_tortilis.html Purdue University] ]

Distribution and growing conditions

"Acacia tortilis" tends to grow in areas where temperatures vary from 0-50 deg. C. and rainfall is anywhere from about 100-1000mm/yr. [ [http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Q2190E/Q2190E10.htm Handbook on Seeds of Dry-Zone Acacias FAO] ]

Common names

Spread over such a large area inhabited by diverse cultures, the A. tortilis is known by a wide number of common names. These include (but are not limited to): [ [http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=118 World AgroForestryTree Database: ICRAF / PROSEA network.]
*(Afrikaans) : haak-en-steek
*(Arabic) : samar, sammar, samor, samra, sayyal, seyal, seyyal
*(English) : karamoja, umbrella thorn
*(Hindi) : Israeli babool
*(Ndebele) : isanqawe, umsasane, umshishene, umtshatshatsha
*(Nyanja) : mzunga, nsangu, nsangunsangu, nyoswa
*(Somali) : abak, kura
*(Swahili) : mgunga, mugumba, munga
*(Tigrigna) : akba, akiba, alla, aqba
*(Tongan) : mukoka, muzungu, ngoka
*(Tswana) : mosu, mosunyana
*(Zulu) : umSasane

Subspecies

*Acacia tortilis subsp. heteracantha (Burchell)Brenan
*Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi)Brenan
*Acacia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa (A.Rich.)Brenan
*Acacia tortilis subsp. tortilis [ [http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb/6.00/fam/f2.shtml ILDIS Legumes of the World] ]

References

External links

* [http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Q2934E/Q2934E05.htm "Acacia tortilis" (www.fao.org)]
* [http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&oe=ISO-8859-1&gbv=1&q=%22Acacia+tortilis%22&btnG=Search+Images "Acacia tortilis" Photos (Google Images)]
* [http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_tortilis.html Purdue University's detailed article on the Umbrella Thorn Acacia] .