Tuhawaiki

Tuhawaiki (c.1805-1844) — often known as "Hone Tuhawaiki", "John Tuhawaiki" or "Jack Tuhawaiki", or by his nickname of "Bloody Jack" — became a paramount chief of the Ngāi Tahu Māori iwi in the southern part of the South Island of New Zealand. He gained his nickname from early interactions with Foveaux Strait whalers on account of his colourful and expletive-laden speech, and it embarrassed him in later years after his conversion to Christianity.

Born at Inch Clutha in South Otago in the early years of the 19th century, he gained prominence in about 1833 when a war-party led by him defeated the Ngāti Toa chief Te Rauparaha at Lake Grassmere. The Ngāti Toa leader escaped with his life only through luck. Four years later, a war-party led by Tuhawaiki and Taiaroa inflicted severe damage on Ngāti Toa troops in a number of raids. Around the same time, Tuhawaiki became Ngāi Tahu chief upon the death of his uncle, Te Whakataupuka. He gained a reputation as a bold and intelligent military leader, as well as shrewd and insightful in his non-military dealings with Pakeha settlers.

On 29 April 1840, Tuhawaiki signed a copy of the Treaty of Waitangi.

Tuhawaiki became involved in numerous sales of land to settlers and entrepreneurs, notably that of the Otago Block to Frederick Tuckett, Symonds, and Clarke for £2,400 in July 1844.

During the spring of 1844, Tuhawaiki drowned south of Timaru when his boat hit rocks at a location now known as Tuhawaiki Point. Other New Zealand places named in his honour include Jack's Bay and the nearby Tuhawaiki Island in the Catlins.

A number of artefacts belonging or relating to Tuahawaiki still exist in New Zealand museums. The Southland Museum and Art Gallery has a bayonet and a 12-pounder cannon reputedly owned by Tuhawaiki, the Otago Museum has a revolving flintlock rifle thought to be Tuhawaiki's, and the Hocken Library, University of Otago has a document signed by Tuhawaiki in both English and moko-form [http://www.treaty2u.govt.nz/images/two-parties-main-3.jpg] .

References

* [http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/DNZB/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=1T110 "Dictionary of New Zealand Biography"]
* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/T/TuhawaikiHone/TuhawaikiHone/en "Encyclopaedia of New Zealand"]
* FG Hall-Jones. 1943. "King of the Bluff,: The life and times of Tuhawaiki ("Bloody Jack")". The Southland Historical Committee.