Koło

Infobox Settlement
name = Koło


imagesize = 220px
image_caption = Gothic church, built in the 15th century

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flag_size = 80px
image_shield = POL Koło COA.svg
shield_size = 80px
citylogo_size = 80px
mapsize = 80px
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Greater Poland
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Koło County
subdivision_type3 = Gmina
subdivision_name3 = Koło (urban gmina)
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Mieczysław Drożdżewski
established_title = Established
established_date = 13th century
established_title3 = Town rights
established_date3 = 1362
area_total_km2 = 13.85
population_as_of = 2006
population_total = 23034
population_density_km2 = auto
timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd = 52 | latm = 12 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 18 | longm = 38 | longs = | longEW = E
elevation_m = 110
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 62-600 to 62-602
area_code = +48 63
blank_name = Car plates
blank_info = PKL
website = http://www.kolo.pl Koło [IPA-pl|'|k|o|ł|o] is a town on the Warta River in central Poland with 23,101 inhabitants (2006). It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship (since 1999), having previously been in Konin Voivodship (1975-1998), and it is the capital of Koło County.

History

Early history

The town of Koło (mentioned as Colo) received local government in 1362 from King Casimir III. It was situated in a safe place near the royal castle, on the island in the branches of the Warta River; the town had no walls but only two gates. It was a royal city and the seat of a land county (starostwo niegrodowe).

In 1410 Koło was a gathering place of the Greater Poland nobility, which called for a war with the Teutonic Order (see Battle of Grunwald). In 1452 the Royal Castle in Koło was the place of meeting between King Casimir the Jagiellonian and the representatives of the Prussian Union (see: the Thirteen Years' War).

From the early 15th century until 1716, Koło was the meeting place of the Provincial Parliament (Sejmik Generalny) for Greater Poland, comprising the Poznań Voivodship, Kalisz Voivodship, Sieradz Voivodeship, Łęczyca Voivodeship, Brześć Kujawski Voivodeship and Inowrocław Voivodeship)

The town evolved as a regional centre of trade and crafts, especially in metals and textiles, and in the 16th century a suburb of Zduny consisting mainly of potters developed on the right bank of the Warta river, receiving separate municipal autonomy in 1559. Koło was destroyed twice, once in 1622 by the Lisowski forces, and in 1655 by the Swedes; the economy managed to revive only at the end of the 17th century.

Until 1793 Koło belonged to Konin County of Kalisz Voivodeship, and in the years 1793-1806 it was occupied by Prussia, but during the Kościuszko insurrection in 1794 it was temporarily liberated by the insurgents. In the years 1807-1815 it belonged to the Duchy of Warsaw and later to Congress Poland.

Modern era

In the early 20th century, the Jewish population of Kolo made up almost 50 percent of the total population. When the Nazis occupied Poland, all males over the age of 14 were sent to forced labor. In December 1940, the Jews were rounded up in a ghetto, which was liquidated the following year, in December 1941. The remaining Jews were deported to Chelmno, where they were shot or gassed to death and buried in mass graves. Kolo remained a transfer point for Jews deported to Lodz, and Nazi officials, including Heinrich Himmler, visited the town. [ [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Ghettos/2006/kolo_main.htm Kolo (Muhlental), Poland ] ]

ports

*Olimpia Koło - football team (3rd league 1960, 1963-1965)
*Maratończyk Koło - korfball team

Notable residents

*Franciszek Ksawery Dmochowski - novelist, poet, translator, publisher, critic, and satirist
*Tomasz Kos - football player (FC Erzgebirge Aue)
*Jan Pusty - retired hurdler
*Aron Brand - pediatric cardiologist

Twin cities

*flagicon|Germany Reinbek
*flagicon|UkraineLadyzhyn

References

External links

* [http://www.kolo.pl/ Koło official website]