De Candolle system

De Candolle system

An early taxonomic system, the de Candolle system was originally published in :

A. P. de Candolle (2nd edition, 1819). Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l’art de décrire et d’etudier les végétaux. 

and followed up by the very extensive Prodromus:

A. P. de Candolle et al. (1824–1873). Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta.  (available online at Gallica)

The system recognises the following groups of vascular plants:

  • classis I. DICOTYLEDONEÆ
    subclassis 1. THALAMIFLORÆ
    subclassis 2. CALYCIFLORÆ
    subclassis 3. COROLLIFLORÆ
    subclassis 4. MONOCHLAMYDEÆ
  • classis II. MONOCOTYLEDONEÆ

List of families in the Prodromus, arranged according to this de Candolle system. Note that this system was published well before there were internationally accepted rules for botanical nomenclature. Here, a family is indicated as "ordo". Terminations for families are not what they are now. Neither of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective: the ICBN provides for this.

Within the dicotyledons ("classis prima DICOTYLEDONEÆ") the system recognises:

  • subclassis I. THALAMIFLORÆ
    ordo I. RANUNCULACEÆ
    ordo II. DILLENIACEÆ
    ordo III. MAGNOLIACEÆ
    ordo IV. ANONACEÆ [sic]
    ordo V. MENISPERMACEÆ
    ordo VI. BERBERIDEÆ
    ordo VII. PODOPHYLLACEÆ
    ordo VIII. NYMPHÆACEÆ
    ordo VIIIbis. SARRACENIACEÆ
    ordo IX. PAPAVERACEÆ
    ordo X. FUMARIACEÆ
    ordo XIbis. RESEDACEÆ
    ordo XI. CRUCIFERÆ
    ordo XII. CAPPARIDEÆ
    ordo XIII. FLACOURTIANEÆ
    ordo XIV. BIXINEÆ
    ordo XIVbis. LACISTEMACEÆ
    ordo XV. CISTINEÆ
    ordo XVI. VIOLARIEÆ
    ordo XVII. DROSERACEÆ
    ordo XVIII. POLYGALACEÆ
    ordo XIX. TREMANDREÆ
    ordo XX. PITTOSPOREÆ
    ordo XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
    ordo XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
    ordo XXIII. LINEÆ
    ordo XXIV. MALVACEÆ
    ordo XXV. BOMBACEÆ [sic]
    ordo XXVI. BYTTNERIACEÆ
    ordo XXVII. TILIACEÆ
    ordo XXVIII. ELÆOCARPEÆ
    ordo XXIX. CHLENACEÆ
    ordo XXIXbis. ANCISTROCLADEÆ
    ordo XXIXter. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
    ordo XXIXter.[sic] LOPHIRACEÆ
    ordo XXX. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
    ordo XXXI. CAMELLIEÆ
    ordo XXXII. OLACINEÆ
    ordo XXXIII. AURANTIACEÆ
    ordo XXXIV. HYPERICINEÆ
    ordo XXXV. GUTTIFERÆ
    ordo XXXVI. MARCGRAVIACEÆ
    ordo XXXVII. HIPPOCRATEACEÆ
    ordo XXXVIII. ERYTHROXYLEÆ
    ordo XXXIX. MALPIGHIACEÆ
    ordo XL. ACERINEÆ
    ordo XLI. HIPPOCASTANEÆ
    ordo XLII. RHIZOBOLEÆ
    ordo XLIII. SAPINDACEÆ
    ordo XLIV. MELIACEÆ
    ordo XLV. AMPELIDEÆ
    ordo XLVI. GERANIACEÆ
    ordo XLVII. TROPÆOLEÆ
    ordo XLVIII. BALSAMINEÆ
    ordo XLIX. OXALIDEÆ
    ordo L. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
    ordo LI. RUTACEÆ
    ordo LII. SIMARUBEÆ [sic]
    ordo LIII. OCHNACEÆ
    ordo LIV. CORIARIEÆ
  • subclassis II. CALYCIFLORÆ
    ordo LV. CELASTRINEÆ
    ordo LVI. RHAMNEÆ
    ordo LVII. BRUNIACEÆ
    ordo LVIII. SAMYDEÆ
    ordo LIX. HOMALINEÆ
    ordo LX. CHAILLETIACEÆ
    ordo LXI. AQUILARINEÆ
    ordo LXII. TEREBINTHACEÆ
    ordo LXIII. LEGUMINOSÆ
    ordo LXIV. ROSACEÆ
    ordo LXV. CALYCANTHEÆ
    ordo LXVbis. MONIMIACEÆ
    ordo LXVI. GRANATEÆ
    ordo LXVII. MEMECYLEÆ
    ordo LXVIII. COMBRETACEÆ
    ordo LXIX. VOCHYSIEÆ
    ordo LXX RHIZOPHOREÆ
    ordo LXXI. ONAGRARIEÆ
    ordo LXXII. HALORAGEÆ
    ordo LXXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
    ordo LXXIV. LYTHRARIEÆ
    ordo LXXIVbis. CRYPTERONIACEÆ
    ordo LXXV. TAMARISCINEÆ
    ordo LXXVI. MELASTOMACEÆ
    ordo LXXVII. ALANGIEÆ
    ordo LXXVIII. PHILADELPEÆ
    ordo LXXIX. MYRTACEÆ
    ordo LXXX. CUCURBITACEÆ
    ordo LXXXI. PASSIFLOREÆ
    ordo LXXXII. LOASEÆ
    ordo LXXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
    ordo LXXXIV. FOUQUIERACEÆ
    ordo LXXXV. PORTULACEÆ
    ordo LXXXVI. PARONYCHIEÆ
    ordo LXXXVII. CRASSULACEÆ
    ordo LXXXVIII. FICOIDEÆ
    ordo LXXXIX. CACTEÆ
    ordo XC. GROSSULARIEÆ
    ordo XCI. SAXIFRAGACEÆ
    ordo XCII. UMBELLIFERÆ
    ordo XCIII. ARALIACEÆ
    ordo XCIV. HAMAMELIDEÆ
    ordo XCV. CORNEÆ
    ordo XCVbis. HELWINGIACEÆ
    ordo XCVI. LORANTHACEÆ
    ordo XCVII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
    ordo XCVIII. RUBIACEÆ
    ordo XCIX. VALERIANEÆ
    ordo C. DIPSACEÆ
    ordo CI. CALYCEREÆ
    ordo CII. COMPOSITÆ
    ordo CIII. STYLIDIEÆ
    ordo CIV. LOBELIACEÆ
    ordo CV. CAMPANULACEÆ
    ordo CVI. CYPHIACEÆ
    ordo CVII. GOODENOVIEÆ
    ordo CVIII. ROUSSÆACEÆ
    ordo CIX. GESNERIACEÆ
    ordo CX. SPHENOCLEACEÆ
    ordo CXI. COLUMELLIACEÆ
    ordo CXII. NAPOLEONEÆ
    ordo CXIII. VACCINIEÆ
    ordo CXIV. ERICACEÆ
    ordo CXV. EPACRIDEÆ
    ordo CXVI. PYROLACEÆ
    ordo CXVII. FRANCOACEÆ
    ordo CXVIII. MONOTROPEÆ
  • subclassis III. COROLLIFLORÆ
    ordo CXIX. LENTIBULARIEÆ
    ordo CXX. PRIMULACEÆ
    ordo CXXI. MYRSINEACEÆ
    ordo CXXII. ÆGICERACEÆ
    ordo CXXIII. THEOPHRASTACEÆ
    ordo CXXIV. SAPOTACEÆ
    ordo CXXV. EBENACEÆ
    ordo CXXVI. STYRACACEÆ
    ordo CXXVII. OLEACEÆ
    ordo CXXVIIbis. SALVADORACEÆ
    ordo CXXVIII. JASMINEÆ
    ordo CXXIX. APOCYNACEÆ
    ordo CXXX. ASCLEPIADEÆ
    ordo CXXX[a?] LEONIACEÆ
    ordo CXXXI. LOGANIACEÆ
    ordo CXXXII. GENTIANACEÆ
    ordo CXXXIII. BIGNONIACEÆ
    ordo CXXXIV. SESAMEÆ
    ordo CXXXV. CYRTANDRACEÆ
    ordo CXXXVI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
    ordo CXXXVII. POLEMONIACEÆ
    ordo CXXXVII. [sic] CONVOLVULACEÆ
    ordo CXXXVIII. ERICYBEÆ
    ordo CXXXIX. BORRAGINEÆ [sic]
    ordo CXL. HYDROLEACEÆ
    ordo CXLII. SCROPHULARIACEÆ
    ordo CXLII(I).[sic] SOLANACEÆ
    ordo CXLIV. OROBRANCHACEÆ
    ordo CXLV. ACANTHACEÆ
    ordo CXLVI. PHRYMACEÆ
    ordo CXLVII VERBENACEÆ
    ordo CXLVIII MYOPORACEÆ
    ordo CXLIX SELAGINACEÆ
    ordo CL. LABIATÆ
    ordo CLI. STILBACEÆ
    ordo CLII. GLOBULARIACEÆ
    ordo CLIII. BRUNONIACEÆ
    ordo CLIV. PLUMBAGINEÆ
    ordo CLV.[?] PLANTAGINACEÆ
  • subclassis 4 MONOCHLAMYDEÆ
    ordo CLVI. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
    ordo CLVII. SALSOLACEÆ
    ordo CLVIII. BASELLACEÆ
    ordo CLIX. AMARANTACEÆ [sic]
    ordo CLX. NYCTAGINACEÆ
    ordo CLXI. POLYGONACEÆ
    ordo CLXII. LAURACEÆ
    ordo CLXIII. MYRISTICACEÆ
    ordo CLXIV. PROTEACEÆ
    ordo CLXV. PENÆACEÆ
    ordo CLXVI. GEISSOLOMACEÆ
    ordo CLXVII. THYMELÆACEÆ
    ordo CLXVIII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
    ordo CLXIX. GRUBBIACEÆ
    ordo CLXX. SANTALACEÆ
    ordo CLXXI. HERNANDIACEÆ
    ordo CLXXII. BEGONIACEÆ
    ordo CLXXIII. DATISCACEÆ
    ordo CLXXIV. PAPAYACEÆ
    ordo CLXXV. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
    ordo CLXXVbis. NEPENTHACEÆ
    ordo CLXXVI. STACKHOUSIACEÆ
    [sic]
    ordo CLXXVIII. EUPHORBIACEÆ
    ordo CLXXIX. DAPHNIPHYLLACEÆ
    ordo CLXXX. BUXACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXbis. BATIDACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXI. EMPETRACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXII. CANNABINEÆ
    ordo CLXXXIII. ULMACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXIIIbis. MORACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXIV. ARTOCARPEÆ
    ordo CLXXXV. URTICACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXVI. PIPERACEÆ
    [sic]
    ordo CLXXXVIII. CHLORANTHACEÆ
    ordo CLXXXIX. GARRYACEÆ
    ordo CXC. CUPULIFERÆ
    ordo CXCI. CORYLACEÆ
    ordo CXCII. JUGLANDEÆ
    ordo CXCIII. MYRICACEÆ
    ordo CXCIV. PLATANACEÆ
    ordo CXCV. BETULACEÆ
    ordo CXCVI. SALICINEÆ
    ordo CXCVII CASUARINEÆ

Somewhat inconsistently the Prodromus also treats:

  • GYMNOSPERMÆ
    ordo CXCVIII. GNETACEÆ
    ordo CXCIX. CONIFERÆ
    ordo CC. CYCADACEÆ
  • incertæ sedis
    ordo (dubiæ affin.) LENNOACEÆ
    ordo (affin. dubiæ) PODOSTEMACEÆ
    ordo num.? CYTINACEÆ
    ordo incertae sedis BALANOPHORACEÆ

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