Gispwudwada

The Gispwudwada (variously spelled) is the name for the Killerwhale (or "Blackfish") "clan" (phratry) in the language of the Tsimshian nation of British Columbia, Canada, and southeast Alaska. It is considered analogous or identical to the Gisgahaast (variously spelled; also Gisk'aast) clan in British Columbia's Nisga'a and Gitksan nations. The Nisga'a also call this group the Killerwhale clan, though the Gitksan use the term Fireweed clan; "Gisgahaast" means literally "people of the fireweed."

The name "Gispwudwada" is of unknown etymology.

The chief crests of the Gispwudwada are the Killerwhale (a.k.a. orca) ("'neexł" in Tsimshian) and Grizzly Bear ("midiik").

Tsimshian matrilineal houses belonging to the Gispwudwada tend to belong to one of two groups, the Git'mlaxam and the Gitnagwinaks.

Git'mlaxam

The Git'mlaxam trace their origins to the legendary Temlaxam (a.k.a. Temlaham, Dimlahamid, etc.) or "Prairie Town" on the Skeena River in what is now Gitksan territory. The Git'mlaxam can be further subdivided.

Git'mlaxam house-groups among the Tsimshian include the royal House of Ts'ibasaa in the Gitkxaała (Kitkatla) tribe.

Gitnagwinaks

The Gitnagwinaks (sometimes spelled Nagunaks) trace their migrations southward, to the vicinity of the Kitasoo Tsimshians at Klemtu, B.C. In a discussion of the Bear Mother myth, the anthropologist Marius Barbeau in 1950 published information recorded by the Tsimshian ethnologist William Beynon from his fellow Gitlaan Tsimshian E. Maxwell which describes a dispute among the Kitasoo Gispwudwada house-heads Wuts'iint, Dzagmsagisk, and T'amks as to ownership of certain crest privileges, resulting in migration to Kitkatla, Gitwilgyoots, and Gitlaan tribes of Tsimshians.

The following Gitnagwinaks crests are listed:

*Grizzly Bear of the Sea ("midiigm ts'm 'aks")
*Double-Finned Killerwhale ("wüsngoopskinm nee'x 'neexł")
*Killerwhale with Fins All Around ("txatkunee'xs")
*Ligidadools, wife of the monster chief of the Nagwinaks

Bibliography

*Barbeau, Marius (1928) "The Downfall of Temlaham." Toronto: MacMillan.

*Barbeau, Marius (1929) "Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia." (Anthropological Series 12, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 61.) Ottawa: Canada, Department of Mines.

*Barbeau, Marius (1950) "Totem Poles." (2 vols.) (Anthropology Series 30, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 119.) Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. Reprinted, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull, Quebec, 1990.

*Glavin, Terry (1990) "A Death Feast in Dimlahamid." Vancouver: New Star Books

*Harris, Kenneth B., and Frances M. P. Robinson (1974) "Visitors Who Never Left: The Origin of the People of Damelahamid." Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press

*Robinson, Will (1962) "Men of Medeek." As told by Walter Wright. Kitimat, B.C.: Northern Sentinel Press.