Locale

In computing, locale is a set of parameters that defines the user's language, country and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface. Usually a locale identifier consists of at least a language identifier and a region identifier.

On Unix, Linux and other POSIX-type platforms, locale identifiers are defined similar to the RFC 3066 definition of language tags, but the locale variant modifier is defined differently, and the character set is included as a part of the identifier. It is defined in this format: [language [_territory] [.codeset] [@modifier] .

General locale settings

These settings usually include the following display (output) format settings:

* Display language setting
* Number formats setting
* Date/Time formats setting
* Timezone setting
* Daylight saving time (DST) setting
* Currency formats setting

Less usual, but worth mentioning, is the input format setting. This is mostly defined on a per application basis.The daylight saving time setting (DST) is derived from the Timezone Setting.

Furthermore, the General settings usually include the keyboard layout setting.

Programming/markup language support

* C
* C++
* Eiffel
* Java
* Microsoft .NET framework
* REBOL
* Ruby
* Perl
* PHP
* Python
* XML

and other (nowadays) Unicode-based environments, they are defined in a format similar to RFC 3066 or one of its successors. They are usually defined with just ISO 639 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes.

Specifics for Microsoft platforms

Locale identifier (LCID) for unmanaged code on Microsoft Windows, a number such as 1033 for English (United States) or 1041 for Japanese (Japan). These numbers consist of a language code (lower 10 bits) and culture code (upper bits) and are therefore often written in hexadecimal notation, such as 0x0409 or 0x0411. The list of those codesets are described in character encoding.
Microsoft is beginning to introduce unmanaged code Application programming interfaces (APIs) for .NET that use this format. One of the first to be generally released is a function to mitigate issues with internationalized domain names, [http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/intl/nls_DownlevelGetLocaleScripts.asp] but more are in Windows Vista Beta 1.

Beginning with Windows Vista, [http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms776389(VS.85).aspx new functions] that use RFC 4646 locale names have been introduced to replace nearly all LCID-based APIs.

ee also

* Internationalization and localization
* ISO 639 language codes
* ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes
* IETF language tag
* Common Locale Data Repository
* Date and time notation by country
* AppLocale

External links

* RFC 4646
* [http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry Language Subtag Registry]
* [http://www.unicode.org/cldr/ Common Locale Data Repository]
* Javadoc API documentation
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/intl/nls_2jzn.asp Locale and Language information from Microsoft]
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc233965.aspx MS-LCID: Windows Language Code Identifier (LCID) Reference from Microsoft]
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc233968.aspx Microsoft LCID list]
* [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0h88fahh.aspx Microsoft LCID chart with decimal equivalents]
* [http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xbd/envvar.html POSIX Environment Variables]
* [http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap07.html Low Level Technical details on defining a POSIX locale]
* [http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/locexp ICU Locale Explorer]
* [http://wiki.debian.org/Locale Debian Wiki on Locales]
* Article " [http://cantrip.org/locale.html The Standard C++ Locale] " by Nathan C. Myers
* [http://docs.python.org/lib/module-locale.html Internationalization services] - Python Library Reference
* [http://www.die.net/doc/linux/man/man7/locale.7.html locale(7): Description of multi-language support] - Linux man page
* [http://incubator.apache.org/stdcxx/doc/stdlibug/VII.html Apache C++ Standard Library Locale User's Guide]
* [http://www.collation-charts.org Sort order charts for various operating system locales and database collations]
* [http://www.freesource.info/wiki/Lokalizacija/NATSPECDescription NATSPEC Library]
* [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch-tune.en.html#s-env-locale Description of locale-related UNIX environment variables in Debian Linux Reference Manual]
* [http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/guide/start#locales Guides to locales and locale creation on various platforms]