Tadeusz Peiper

Tadeusz Peiper (1891-1969) was a Polish poet, art critic and theoretician of literature. He is notable as one of the precursors of avant-garde in Polish poetry and the co-founder of the Awangarda krakowska movement.

Peiper was born May 3, 1891 in Kraków. In 1921 he founded the "Zwrotnica" monthly, devoted mostly to avant-garde movements in contemporary poetry. Although short-lived (issued between until 1923 and then briefly reactivated between 1926 and 1927), it paved the way for the young poets of the Awangarda krakowska ("Kraków's Avant-garde"), among them Julian Przyboś, Jan Brzękowski and Jalu Kurek. He also published three notable collections of poems, all of them being among the most notable pieces of modern Polish poetry of the epoch. As an artist, Peiper believed that a writer should resemble a skilled craftsman, who should be able to carefully plan all of his words. He also coined the "3xM" slogan (Miasto, Masa, Maszyna; Polish for "City, Mass and Machine"), one of the icons of Polish poetry of the 1920's.

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