Antoin Sevruguin

Antoin Sevruguin (late 1830s–1933) was a photographer in Persia during the Qajar Dynasty (1785–1925).

Early life

Born into a mixed Armenian-Georgian family and in the Russian embassy of Tehran, Persia: Antoin Sevruguin was one of the many children of Vassil de Sevruguin and a Georgian Achin Khanoum. Vassil de Sevruguin was a diplomat to Tehran. Achin had raised her children in T’blisi, Georgia, because she was denied her husband’s pension. After Vassil died in a horse riding accident Antoin gave up the art form of painting, and took up photography to support his family. His brothers Kolia and Emanuel helped him set up a studio in Tehran on Ala al-dawla Street.

Celebrity

Many of Antoin’s photographs were taken from 1870-1930. Because Sevruguin spoke Persian as well as other languages, he was capable of communicating to different social strata and tribes from his country Iran. His photos of the royal court, harems, and mosques and other religious monuments were compared to the other Western photographers in Persia. The reigning Shah, Nasir ed-Din (reigned from 1846-1896) took a special interest in photography and many royal buildings and events were portrayed by Sevruguin.

Landscape photography

Because Sevruguin travelled Persia and took pictures of the country, his travels record the Iran as it was in his time. Sevruguins pictures show Teheran as a small city. They show monuments, bridges and landscapes which have changed since then.

Ethnographical photography

Some of Sevruguin's portraiture fed preexisting stereotypes of Easterners but nevertheless had a commercial value and today prove to be historical records of regional dress. Photographic studio's in the ninetheenth century advertised a type of picture known in French as "types". These were portraits of typical ethnic groups and their occupation. They informed the European viewer, unfamiliar with Persian culture, about the looks of regional dress, handcraft, religion and professions. Photographing regional costums a was an accepted method of ethnological research in the nineteenth century. Many European ethnological museums bought Sevruguins portraiture to complement their scientific collection. Museums collected pictures of merchants in the bazaar, members of a zurkhana (a wrestlingschool), dervishes, gatherings of crowds to see the taziyeh theatre, people engaged in shiite rituals and more. Sevruguins portraits were also spread as postcards with the text: 'Types persans'.Sevruguin was a photographer who had no boundaries in portraying people of all sorts of social classes and ethnic backgrounds. He portrayed members of the Persian royal family as well as beggars, fellow countrymen of Iran or Westerners, farmers working fields, womenweavers at work, army officers, religious officials, Zoroastrians, Armenians, Lurs, Kurds, Shasavan, Chaldeans, Gilak, Afghans.

evruguins photographic studio

Many Westerners who lived in Persia and travellers who visited the country brought back pictures from Sevruguin, mentioning him in travelogues of the time. Sevruguins photographic studio was located on the Avenue Al-Dawla and was not the only photographing studio in this street. Local people could have their picture taken in this studio as well. They could pose in front of a painted backdrop. Most pictures were taken as a glassnegative and printed out as an albumineprint. Often a logo with Sevruguins name was printed on one side of the picture.Many 19th Century tourist misspelled his Sevruguins name, finding it difficult to spell it in Western scripture: Sevraguine, Sevrugin, Sevriogin, Segruvian, and Serunian for example. His name was phonetically spelled Sevr-joe-gien.

Vandalism

In 1908 the world was denied the rich collection of Sevruguin’s images when Cossacks of Muhammad Ali Shah (reigned from 1907-1909) inadvertently bombed his store in suppression of Zahiru’d-Dawla, the constitutionalist Governor of Rasht. His house, along with the whole street was burned. Up to that point Antoin had seven thousand plus photographs. Only two thousand were salvaged. In an attempt to modernize Persia Reza Pahlavi Shah (reigned from 1925-1941) confiscated the remaining traditional images.

Current Publicity

After his death from a kidney infection Antoin’s images resurfaced. He was survived by seven children from his marriage to Louise Gourgenian. His daughter Mary reclaimed a portion of the photos through a friendship with Muhammad Reza Pahlavi Shah (reigned from 1941-1979.) 696 of Antoin’s negatives survive today.

References

*L.A. Ferydoun Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn, Gillian M.Vogelsang-Eastwood (eds.), "Sevruguin's Iran / Iran az negah Sevruguin, Late nineteenth century photographs of Iran from the National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden, the Netherlands", Teheran/Rotterdam 1378/1999.
*Bohrer, Frederick N., ED. Sevruguin and the Persian Image. London: University of Washington Press, 1999.
*Iraj Afshar, ‘Some remarks on the early history of photography in Iran’ in "Qajar Iran; political, social and cultural change, 1800-1925", E.Bosworth, C. Hillenbrand (eds.), Edinburgh 1983, pp. 262-2.
*Iraj Afshar, "Ganjine-ye aks-haye Iran. hamrah-e tarikhche-ye vorud-e akkasi be Iran, A treasury of early Iranian Photographs together with a concise account of how photography was first introduced in Iran", Teheran 1371/1992.
* [http://www.geocities.com/sevruguin/ Exhibition of Antoin Sevruguin's Photographs ] at www.geocities.com
*http://www.asia.si.edu/archives/finding_aids/herzfeld.html