- Bursting
Bursting is a rapid signaling mode in
neurons whereby clusters of two or moreaction potentials (spikes) are emitted as a single signaling event. A burst of two spikes is called a "doublet", three spikes - "triplet", four - "quadruplet", etc. Burst mode is thought to be useful for signaling important events and routing information in the brain. In general, there are two types of bursting:
# Input-driven bursting, where strong excitatory inputs produce a rapid activation and burst of action potentials
# Intrinsic bursting, where voltage-gatedion channels intrinsic to the neuron convert brief suprathreshold inputs into long-lasting bursts of action potential output.Some types of
neuron s are able to respond to current input by emitting an all- or non-burst response. This burst usually consists of a short phase of repeated action potentials, at a frequency of up to 350 Hz. This is followed by a prolonged refractory period.In contrast, neurons that fire tonically respond with action potentials at a rate proportional to the input current.Most
mathematical model s of bursting can be written in the singularly perturbed form::where "x" is the "fast variable", a vector that simulates fast spiking of the neuron, and "y" is the "slow variable", a vector that modulates spiking activity. A topological classification of bursters relies on the bifurcations of the fast subsystem (variable "x") when the slow subsystem (variable "y") is treated as a parameter.The
subiculum is an example of a brain region where the rapid transition between bursting and single-spiking is important for routing information out of thehippocampus .Bibliography
* (2005) [http://biology.plosjournals.org/archive/1545-7885/3/6/pdf/10.1371_journal.pbio.0030175-L.pdf Action potential burst mode transition mechanism] , "
PLoS Biology ", 3(6):e175
* (2005) [http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030210 Switching Signals in the Brain] , "PLoS Biology ", 3(6):e210
* Cooper, Donald C. (2002) [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0B-45X2MS5-6&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F2002&_alid=376409246&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4858&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059712&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=38572&md5=a47b556a80f47ef3a225d7a9c7b88217 Significance of action potential bursting] , "Neurochemistry International" Volume 41, Issue 5
* Izhikevich, Eugene M. (2006) [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bursting Bursting] . Scholarpedia, p.1401
* Izhikevich, Eugene M. (2007) Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting. The MIT Press.People
* [http://www3.utsouthwestern.edu/psychlab/cooper/ Don Cooper]
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