Balinese calendar

The Pawukon is a 210 day calendar that has its origins in the Hindu religion in Bali, Indonesia. The calendar consists of 10 different concurrent weeks of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 days. On the first day of the year it is the first day of all the ten weeks. Because 210 is not divisible by 4, 8, or 9 - extra days must be added to the 4, 8, and 9 day weeks.

The Days

*The days of the Dasawara (ten day week) are Sri, Pati, Raja, Manuh, Duka, Manusa, Raksasa, Suka, Dewa, and Pandita.
*The days of the Sangawara (nine day week) are Dangu, Jangur, Gigis, Nohan, Ogan, Erangan, Urungan, Tulus, Dadi.
*The days of the Asatawara (eight day week) are Sri, Indra, Guru, Yama, Ludra, Brahma, Kala, Uma.
*The days of the Saptawara (seven day week) are Redite, Coma, Anggara, Buda, Wraspati, Sukra, Saniscara.
*The days of the Sadwara (six day week) are Tungleh, Aryang, Urukung, Paniron, Was, Maulu.
*The days of the Pancawara (five day week) are Paing, Pon, Wage, Keliwon, Umanis.
*The days of the Caturwara (four day week) are Sri, Laba, Jaya, Menala.
*The days of the Triwara (three day week) are Pasah, Beteng, and Kajeng.
*The days of the Dwiwara (two day week) are Menga, Pept.
*The day of the Ekawara (one day week) is Luang.

The Order of the Days

The days of the 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 day weeks are arranged in simple recurring cycles - much like the seven days of the week in the gregorian calendar. Because 210 is not divisible by 4, 8, or 9 - extra days must be added to the 4, 8, and 9 day weeks. For both the 4 and 8 day weeks the penultimate day of the week is repeated twice in the week that would have otherwise ended on the 72 day. For the 9 day week the first day of the week is repeated 3 times in the first week of the 210 day Pawukon. The complexity of the calendar is increased by the calculations required to determine the arrangement of the days of the 1, 2, and 10 day weeks which are not ordered in simple recurring 1, 2 and 10 day cycles as one might expect.

The Calculation

Each of the days of the five, seven, and ten day weeks has a urip, or ritual value. For the ten day week the urip of the days are - from the first day to the tenth day - 5, 2, 8, 6, 4, 7, 10, 3, 9, 1. For the seven day week the urip of the days are - from first day to seventh day - 5, 4, 3, 7, 8, 6, and 9. For the five day week the urip of the days are - from the first day to the fifth day - 9, 7, 4, 8, 5. For any particular day of the Pawukon, add the urip of the day of the 5 day week to the day of the seven day week and then add one - if the sum is more than ten, then ten must be subtracted from it. This calculated value determines which day of the week it is in the 1, 2, and 10 day weeks. If the calculated value is even then the day is Pept in the two day week and Luang in the one day week, however if the calculated value is odd then the day is Menga in the two day week and is not a day of the one day week. The day in the ten day week is the one for which the calculated value matches its urip.

Calendar Completion

Using the rules given above the table of the days of Pawukon below can be constructed. Since the days of the Pawukon as given in the table below do not change from one Pawukon to the next, a durable representation of the Pawukon can be used over and over again. With a few more details the Pawukon is complete. The saptawara (seven day week) is special in that each of its thirty weeks is named. When certain days of the pancawara and saptawara coincide it is a special day. These days of conjunction are Buda-Keliwon, Saniscara-Keliwon, Buda-Wage, Anggara-Keliwon, and Redite-Keliwon.

ee also

*Javanese calendar