- Ancylus Lake
Ancylus lake is a name given by geologists to the body of fresh water that replaced the
Yoldia Sea after the latter had been severed from its saline intake across centralSweden (with the eastern end of the channel near present Stockholm) by the isostatic rise of southScandinavia n landforms. The dates are approximately 9500-8000 BP calibrated, during the full Boreal period. The lake becameLittorina Sea when rising oceanic levels broke through theGreat Belt .The lake was named by
Gerard de Geer after "Ancylus fluviatilis ", agastropod found in itssediment s.Description
The elevation of southern Sweden did not entirely block the flow across central Sweden. Some egress continued from the lake through the Göta and Steinselva rivers, which exit
Lake Vänern to theKattegat . Salt water did not enter the lake, however, which became entirely fresh as the lake rose above sea level. The date at which the flow was certainly blocked is about 8000 BP, when nearby LakeVättern (part of the waterway system) became dissevered from Ancylus lake.The result of increasing lake levels was the Ancylus transgression, a general flooding around its shores, 9500-9200 BP. By this time a somewhat larger
Gulf of Bothnia and parts ofNorway were free of ice, while theRovaniemi region ofFinland appeared no later than 9000 BP, despite the new flooding.Accelerated melting and landforms rebounding at different rates in different locations led to some instability. By 9200 BP the lake rose over the Dars sill and cut a new channel in the vicinity of what is now the "
Great Belt " (the channel between the Danish islands Zealand and Funen), which some geologists call the Dana River. For a time, Skåne, or southern Sweden, was an island once more, from about 9200 to no later than 8000 BP. The lake level began to drop.North Scandinavia
By 9000 BP the northern channel ceased functioning, joining
Skåne to Scandinavia rather than to Denmark. However, only an isthmus connected Skåne to the new northern lands. If Skåne acquired its designation as an island on a geographic basis, it must have been no later than the Ancylus lake phase. At that timeMesolithic cultures moved into newly released land around the shores of theGulf of Bothnia . They were fishing along the shores, hunting seals and following the reindeer into their new ranges.In Lapland Mesolithic fishers, hunters and probably herders found pine-birch forest with tundra-like open spaces. In addition to
pinus andbetula wereaspen ,alder ,willow , crowberries,grass and sedge. Much of the new Finnish land was covered by mire.Moraine ridges anddrumlin s formed an extensive island system. The shores around the lake were stony ground."... |Yoldia Sea | Ancylus Lake |Mastogloia Sea | ..."
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