- 21 demands of MKS
21 demands of MKS ("21 postulatów MKS") were a list of demands issued on
17 August 1980 by theInterfactory Strike Committee ("Międzyzakładowy Komitet Strajkowy, MKS"). The first demand was the right to create independenttrade union s. Other demands called the government to respect the constitutional rights and freedoms, dismantling the privileges for the Party members and taking actions to improve the economic conditions of Polish citizens. The demands eventually led to theGdańsk Agreement and creation ofSolidarity .Text of the 21 Demands
The charter was written up on two wooden boards and hung on the gates of the shipyard on August 18. To mark the first anniversary of the August unrest, the demands were put on display in Gdańsk’s Maritime Museum. The day after Martial Law was declared one museum worker hid them in his loft, where they remained forgotten until 1996. Now added to the World Heritage List, they can be found housed in Gdańsk’s Roads to Freedom exhibition.
The demands issued by the strikers were as follows:
1. Acceptance of free trade unions independent of the Communist Party and of enterprises, in accordance with convention No. 87 of the International Labor Organization concerning the right to form free trade unions.
2. A guarantee of the right to strike and of the security of strikers.
3. Compliance with the constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech, the press and publication, including freedom for independent publishers, and the availability of the mass media to representatives of all faiths.
4. A return of former rights to: 1) People dismissed from work after the 1970 and 1976 strikes. 2) Students expelled because of their views. The release of all political prisoners, among them Edward Zadrozynski, Jan Kozlowski, and Marek Kozlowski. A halt in repression of the individual because of personal conviction.
5. Availability to the mass media of information about the formation of the Inter-factory Strike Committee and publication of its demands.
6. Bringing the country out of its crisis situation by the following means: a) making public complete information about the social-economic situation. b) enabling all social classes to take part in discussion of the reform programme.
7. Compensation of all workers taking part in the strike for the period of the strike. 8. An increase in the pay of each worker by 2,000 złoty a month.
9. Guaranteed automatic increases in pay on the basis of increases in prices and the decline in real income.
10. A full supply of food products for the domestic market, with exports limited to surpluses.
11. The abolition of ‘commercial’ prices and of other sales for hard currency in special shops.
12. The selection of management personnel on the basis of qualifications, not party membership. Privileges of the secret police, regular police and party apparatus to be eliminated.
13. The introduction of food coupons for meat and meat products.
14. Reduction in the age for retirement for women to 50 and for men to 55.
15. Conformity of old-age pensions and annuities with what has actually been paid in.
16. Improvements in the working conditions of the health service.
17. Assurances of a reasonable number of places in day-care centers and kindergartens for the children of working mothers.
18. Paid maternity leave for three years.
19. A decrease in the waiting period for apartments.
20. An increase in the commuter’s allowance to 100 złoty.
21. A day of rest on Saturday. Workers in the brigade system or round-the-clock jobs are to be compensated for the loss of free Saturdays with increased leave or other paid time off.
External links
* [http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=7753&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO: Poland - Twenty-One Demands, Gdañsk, August 1980. The birth of the SOLIDARITY trades union – a massive social movement.]
References
*Polish|21 postulatów MKS|11 February 2006
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