Bahrani people

Infobox Ethnic group

Maitham Al Bahrani • Abdul Amir al-Jamri • Nazar Al Baharna • Abdulhadi Al Khawaja
group = Bahrani
poptime = Over 310,000
region1 = flag|Bahrain
pop1 = 300,000cite web|url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=abv| title = Arabic, Bahrani Spoken |publisher = Ethnologue|accessdate = 2008-06-09]
region2 = flag|Saudi Arabia
pop2 =
region3 = flag|Kuwait
pop3 =
region4 = flag|Oman
pop4 =
langs = Bahrani Arabic
rels = Twelver Shi`ism

The Bahrani (plural Baharna, ArB|بحراني) are the indigenous Shi'a inhabitants of the archipelago of Bahrain and the oasis of Qatif on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia (see historical region of Bahrain). The term is sometimes also extended to the Shi'a inhabitants of the al-Hasa oasis. They are ethnic Arabs, and some claim descent from Arab tribes. Their dialect of Arabic is known as "Bahrani" or "Bahrani Arabic," and they are overwhelmingly adherents Twelver Shi'ites. Most Bahrani clerics have since the 18th century followed the conservative Akhbari school.Fact|date=March 2008

Name

The term "Bahrani" serves to distinguish the Bahrani people from other Shi'ites in the region, such as the relatively recent immigrants from Iran who fall under the term "Ajam", as well as from the Sunnis of Bahrain who prefer the term "Bahrayni" or "Ahl el-Bahrayn" ("people of Bahrain"). [Lorimer, John Gordon, "Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia", republished by Gregg Internatinal Publishers Limited Westemead. Farnborough, Hants., England and Irish University Press, Shannon, Irelend. Printed in Holland, 1970, Vol. II A, entries on "Bahrain" and "Baharna" ] In previous centuries, the term "Bahrani" often referred to any inhabitant of the larger historical region of Bahrain.

History

Before the advent of the oil industry, the Bahrani mostly engaged in agriculture, including the cultivation of date palms, fishing, and pearl diving, as well as a host of other cottage industries, such as basket weaving and pottery. Unlike their Bedouin neighbors, the people of this region led a settled lifestyle, as they had access to abundant freshwater springs and long coastal lines, rich with fish, shrimp, and oysters. The pearling industry involved a variety of other business activities, such as ship building (with distinctive styles of dhows) and trade with Africa, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, some parts of Indochina, and Indonesia.

Famous Bahrani people

The Bahrani's produced many well-known religious scholars, including Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsai (1753 - 1826) (founder of the Shaikhí school), Shaykh Maitham al-Bahrani (1238 - 1299), Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani (1695 - 1722) (one of the foremost Akhbari scholars), Abdullah al Samahiji (1675 - 1723), and Salih Al-Karzakani . Many religious scholars immigrated to Iran after the Bahrain islands were conquered by the Safavids in 1602 - for instance 17th Century theologian and scholar, Sheikh Salih Al-Karzakani was appointed by the Shah as court judge in Shiraz, although he initially left Bahrain to work in the Indian Kingdom of Golkonda. Many students and scholars settled, and still do today, in centers of Shi'ite scholarship, especially Najaf, Karbala, and Qom. Insignificant numbers have settled in relatively remote areas, such as Zanzibar. [http://www.angelfire.com/nf/abdulsf/Memoirs/zanzibar.htm] , [http://www.angelfire.com/nf/abdulsf/communal/Chehlum_In_Zanzibar/Chehlum_in_Zanzibar.htm] .

The singular term "al-Bahrani" and the plural term "al-Baharna" are also used as family names by individuals who have Bahrani ancestry, such as the Iraqi art historian Dr Zainab Bahrani.

Historically Bahrani towns and villages

In Bahrain (present day)

*Manama
*Jidhafs
*Diraz
*Abu Saiba
*A'ali
*Ghuraifa
*Hamala
*Khamis
*Nabih Saleh
*Saar, Bahrain
*Samaheej
*Sitrah
*Bilad Al Qadeem
*Zinj, Bahrain
*Mukharaqa
*Noaim
*Nabih Saleh
*Bani Jamra
*Karrana
*sanad
*Karbabad
*Barbar
*Nuwaidrat
*Magaba
*Muqsha
*Riffa

audi Arabia

*Qatif
*Saihat
*Tarout Island
*Al-Jaroudiya
*Hofuf
*Al-Hasa
*Al-Mubarraz

References

ee also

* Bahrani Arabic
* Bahrain (historical region)
* History of Bahrain
* Huwala
* Ajam (Bahrain)

External links

* [http://vob.org/index.php?show=news&action=article&id=21&lang=english The 1922 Bahrani uprising in Bahrain]
* [http://www.scribd.com/doc/3729409 Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800] , Juan Cole, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 2, (May, 1987), pp. 177-203