Parma (shield)

Parma (shield)

RomanMilitary

Parma or "parmula" was a type of round shield used by Roman army, especially during the later period of Imperial history.

Characteristics

It was a yard across (or less) and had iron in its frame, making it a very effective piece of armor.

War use

It was used mainly by auxiliary infantry and cavalry, the legionaries preferring the heavier but more protective scutum, during earlier periods. It was used also by signifer.

In Virgil's Aeneid, the parma is cited as a weapon utilised by the Teucrians in defence against the Greeks (Battle of Troy), and later against the Rutulians.

Other uses

Parmula was the shield used by thraex gladiator.

In the Pyrrhic dance it was raised above the head and struck with a sword so as to emit a loud ringing noise.

External links

* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Parma.html Parma] (Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities at LacusCurtius)


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