Houston Galleria

infobox shopping mall
shopping_mall_name = Houston Galleria


caption =
location = Houston, Texas, USA
opening_date = November 161970 [http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1990_742374 20 CANDLES AFIRE ON GALLERIA ICE/Mall changed face of city, competitors] , "Houston Chronicle", November 111990.]
developer = Gerald D. Hines
manager = Simon Property Group
owner = Simon Property Group, Walton Street Real Estate Funds & CalPERS
number_of_stores = 375
number_of_anchors = 5
floor_area = 2.4 million ft² [http://www.simon.com/mall/LeasingSheet/Galleria805.pdf]
floors = 3
website = [http://www.simon.com/mall/default.aspx?ID=805 Houston Galleria Official Website]

"The Galleria" redirects here. For other similar structures named "Galleria", see Galleria."

The Galleria is an upscale mixed-use urban development centrally located in the Uptown District of Houston, Texas, one of the largest business districts in the country, adjacent to the busiest junction in Texas: the 610 Loop and Southwest Fwy 59. It is also at one of the busiest surface street intersections in the country, Post Oak Boulevard at Westheimer Road. The development consists of a retail complex, as well as Galleria Financial Center, Post Oak Tower, one more office tower, two Westin hotels, and a private health club. The office towers and hotels are separately owned and managed from the shopping center.

The Galleria, in itself is the largest mall in Texas and seventh-largest in the United States. It is currently anchored by two separate full-line Macy's, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom and Saks Fifth Avenue. It includes over 375 stores.

History

The idea of an indoor shopping center with a hotel was envisioned in the 1940s by oilman Glenn H. McCarthy where a second phase was to include a with the Shamrock Hotel; this concept was scrapped right after the Hilton Hotel franchise took over the Shamrock in 1955. Glenn H. McCarthy's abandoned concept would influence Gerald Hines in the late 1960s. [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/SS/ccs5.html shopping center]

The Galleria was developed by Gerald D. Hines, opening on November 161970 [http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1990_742374 20 CANDLES AFIRE ON GALLERIA ICE/Mall changed face of city, competitors] , "Houston Chronicle", November 111990.] . The new shopping center, anchored by Neiman Marcus, was modeled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan. When it opened the mall had 600,000 ft² (56,000 m²) of retail space. The original skylights, which graced among other things a large, floor-level, ice rink, had three hanging chandeliers along with the incorporation of the Houston Oaks Hotel (now The Westin Oaks Houston).

The first expansion, known as Galleria II, was completed in 1976 and added 360,000 ft² (33,000 m²) of retail space on two levels, as well as Lord & Taylor and Frost Bros. Marshall Field's joined the mall in 1979, in a store designed by noted architect Philip Johnson. Galleria II included office space (known as the Galleria Financial Center since the early 1990s) and a second hotel, the Galleria Plaza Hotel (now The Westin Galleria Houston ). In 1986, a second expansion, Galleria III, opened with a new wing to the west of Marshall Field's, anchored by Macy's. This brought the mall to almost 1.6 million ft².

Marshall Field's sold their store to Saks Fifth Avenue in 1996, while the mall itself was sold by Hines Interests in 1999 to a partnership of Urban Shopping Centers, Inc. and institutional funds advised by Walton Street Capital, LLC. The Walton Street affiliated funds separately purchased the office and hotel buildings at this time. Urban, in turn, was purchased by Netherlands-headquartered real estate investment group Rodamco North America, N.V. in 2000. Rodamco sold part of its stake in 2001 to the real estate investment arm of CalPERS as it tried to thwart a hostile takeover by a consortium including The Westfield Group and Simon Property Group. Ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the buyout, Rodamco's ownership interest and management operation of the mall was acquired by Simon Property Group in early 2002.

During all these rapid ownership changes, development continued on a third expansion of the shopping center, known as Galleria IV. Completed in March 2003, it added 800,000 ft² to the south, anchored by Nordstrom and Foley's, as well as an additional 70 stores. Upon completion of Galleria IV, the shopping mall totaled 2.4 million ft² (220,000 m²) of retail space.

In January 2005, Lord & Taylor closed their store, with its former space being partially demolished and incorporated into the mall as an additional 100,000 ft² (9,300 m²) of retail space that opened in August 2006. This redevelopment included a Borders Books and Music, Kona Grill, Oceanaire Seafood Room, Del Frisco's Steakhouse, Gigi's Asian Bistro, and nine other retail stores. During the reconstruction, some of the former Lord & Taylor infrastructure was recycled although a section of catwalks dating back to the Galleria II's 1976 expansion was demolished; this trend was similar to the Galleria IV's expansion in 2002.

In 2005, after the merger of the parent companies of Macy's and Foley's, it was announced that the Macy's store would close and that the Foley's would be renamed Macy's. The Foley's was renamed in September 2006, but the original Macy's continues to operate, both as separate full-line department stores.

Anchors and stores

With 30 million people annual, The Galleria has constantly been named the most visited attraction in Greater Houston. Department stores and other tenants get their highest sales in the Houston area at The Galleria.

Anchors

*Macy's (Galleria IV) "(250,000 sq. ft., opened 2003 as Foley's, became Macy's in 2006)"
*Macy's (Galleria III) "(232,600 sq. ft., opened 1986, redubbed in 2006 as "Macy's at Sage")
*Neiman Marcus "(224,000 sq. ft., opened 1969)"
*Nordstrom "(226,000 sq. ft., opened 2003)"
*Saks Fifth Avenue "(210,000 sq. ft., opened 1979 as Marshall Field's, closed 1996 and reopened as Saks Fifth Avenue in 1997)"

Dillard's is located across the street from Neiman Marcus. The stores is linked to the Galleria by pedestrian crosswalk (with a stop light at Post Oak Blvd.).

High-end Stores

Surrounding the Galleria are other upscale shopping centers featuring similar stores and local fashion houses: Fashion Centre (redeveloping into BLVD Place, and will include a Ritz Carlton Hotel), Uptown Collection, Uptown Park, and Highland Village.

Lodging and offices

The Galleria also features a full-sized ice rink below a glass atrium which was originally added by Hines to increase the visibility of the stores in the lower level. [ [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4876742.html Chronicle Interview with Hines] ] About 50 restaurants and specialty food stores at all prices and service points are located throughout the Galleria complex.

Lodging and Polar Ice at The Galleria

Two Westin hotels are also located directly in the Galleria complex, The Westin Galleria and the Westin Oaks (prior to 1984, both hotels were known as the Galleria Plaza Hotel and Houston Oaks Hotel when Westin Hotels and Resorts was known as Western International Hotels).

Offices

The Galleria has three office towers with Galleria Financial Center acting as the hub of the mall where the shops and offices share a common atrium with glass elevators and offices overlooking the main below. The Galleria Financial Center offices Financial Institutions such as Merril Lynch, UBS AG, Citigroup, law offices such as Alonso, Cersonskyand Garcia, energy trading company such as US Petrochemical Industries and others.

ee also

* List of shopping malls in Houston, Texas

References

External links

* [http://www.simon.com/mall/default.aspx?ID=805 The Houston Galleria Official Website]