- Thomas Maclear
Sir Thomas Maclear (
March 17 ,1794 –July 14 ,1879 ) was an Irish-bornSouth Africa nastronomer who becameAstronomer Royal at theCape of Good Hope .He was born in
Newtownstewart ,County Tyrone ,Ireland , the eldest son of James Maclear. In 1808 he was sent to England to be educated in the medical profession. After passing his examinations, in 1815 he was accepted into the "Royal College of Surgeons" of England. He then worked as house-surgeon in the Bedford Infirmary.In 1823 he went into partnership with his uncle at
Biggleswade ,Bedfordshire . Two years later in 1825 he was married to Mary Pearse, the daughter of Theed Pearse, Clerk of the Peace for the county of Bedford.Dr. Maclear had a keen interest in amateur astronomy, and would begin a long association with the
Royal Astronomical Society , to which he would be named a Fellow. In 1833, when the post became vacant, he was named as Royal Astronomer at theCape of Good Hope , and arrived there aboard the "Tam O'Shanter" with his wife and 5 daughters, to take up his new duties in 1834. He worked withJohn Herschel until 1834, performing a survey of the southern sky, and continued to perform important astronomical observations over several more decades. The Maclears and Herschels formed a close friendship, the wives drawn together by the unusual occupations of their husbands and the raising of their large families. Mary Maclear, like Margret Herschel, was a noted beauty and intelligent, though suffering from extreme deafness.In 1750 Abbe
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille had measured a triangulation arc northwards from Cape Town, to determine the shape of the earth and found that the curvature of the earth was less in southern latitudes than at corresponding northern ones. SirGeorge Everest visited the Cape in 1820 and visited the site of LaCailles measurements. From his experience in the Himalayas he believed that the presence of considerable mountain masses in the Cape could have caused false measurements to be made by LaCaille. Between 1841 and 1848 Maclear would be occupied in performing a geodesic survey for the purpose of recalculating the dimensions and shape of the Earth. He became close friends withDavid Livingstone , and they shared a common interest in the exploration ofAfrica . He performed many other useful scientific activities, including collecting meteorological, magnetic and tide data.In 1861 his wife died. Two years later he was granted a pension, but did not retire from the observatory until 1870. He lived thereafter at Grey Villa, Mowbray. By 1876 he had lost his sight, and he died three years later. He is buried next to his wife on the grounds of the Royal Observatory.
Awards and honors
* Knighted in 1860 for his achievements as an astronomer.
*Royal Medal of the Royal Society (1869), for his measurement of an arc of meridian in the 1840s.
* Maclear crater on theMoon is named after him, as is Maclear's Beacon onTable Mountain and the town of Maclear.ee also
*
Charles Piazzi Smyth
*Edward James Stone External links
* [http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/people/bios/maclear-t.htm Thomas Maclear 1794 - 1879] — SA History
* [http://www.users.bigpond.com/nebula72/ Maclear family]
* [http://www.saao.ac.za/assa/html/his-astr_-_maclear_t.html Thomas Maclear biography]
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