- Shachtmanism
Shachtmanism is a critical term applied to the form of
Marxism associated withMax Shachtman . It has two major components: abureaucratic collectivist analysis of theSoviet Union and athird camp approach to world politics. Shachtmanites believe that theStalinist rulers ofCommunist countries are a new (ruling) class, distinct from the workers and rejectsTrotsky 's description of Stalinist Russia as being a "degenerated workers' state ". Max Shachtman described the USSR as a "bureaucratic collectivist " society. Although Shachtmanism is usually described as a form ofTrotskyism , both Trotsky and Shachtman were careful to not describe Shachtman's view as Trotskyist.Origin
Shachtmanism originated as a tendency within the US Socialist Workers Party in 1939, as Shachtman's supporters left that group to form the Workers Party in 1940. The tensions that led to the split extended as far back as 1931. However, the theory of "bureaucratic collectivism," the idea that the USSR was ruled by a new bureaucratic class and was not capitalist, did not originate with Shachtman, but seems to have originated within the Trotskyist movement with
Bruno Rizzi .Although the split in the SWP was not only over the defence of the
Soviet Union , contrary to popular mythology among some latter day Trotskyists, that was a major point in the internal polemics of the time. Furthermore, it should be noted that some members of the French Section of theFourth International aroundYvan Craipeau also held this analysis.upporters
Regardless of its origins in the SWP, Shachtmanism's core belief, that the Soviet Union was not a workers' state, originated not with Shachtman but
Joseph Carter andJames Burnham , who proposed this at the founding of the SWP in 1938.C L R James referred to the theory, from which he dissented, as Carter's little liver pill. The theory was never fully developed by anybody in the Workers Party and Shachtman's book, published many years later in 1961, consists earlier articles from the pages ofNew International with some political conclusions reversed.Some Trotskyist thinkers who have described such societies as "
state capitalist " are said to share an implicit theoretical agreement with some elements of Shachtmanism.Left Shachtmanism, "Third Camp Trotskyism"
"Left Shachtmanism", influenced by Max Shachtman's work of the 1940s, sees
Stalinist nations as being potentiallyimperialist and does not offer any support to their leadership. This has been crudely described as seeing the Stalinist and capitalist countries as being equally bad, although it would be more accurate to say that neither is seen as a progressive alternative for theworking class .A more prevalent term for Left Shachtmanism is "Third Camp Trotskyism", the Third Camp being differentiated from
capitalism andStalinism . ProminentThird Camp groupings include theWorkers' Liberty grouping inAustralia and theUnited Kingdom and by the International Socialist wing of Solidarity.The foremost left Shachtmanite was
Hal Draper a writer who worked as a librarian at theUniversity of California, Berkeley and became influential withleft wing students during theFree Speech Movement .ocial Democratic Shachtmanism, "Right Shactmanism"
"
Social democratic Shachtmanism", called "Right Shachtmanism" by detractors, later developed by Shachtman and espoused by theSocial Democrats USA , holds Stalinist nations to be worse than Western capitalism. As a result, adherents will often side with the U.S. government in international conflicts against Stalinist groups, such as theVietnam War , and countries with governments seen as being under the influence of Stalinism, such asCuba . This viewpoint was popularized within Shachtmanism in the 1960s and 1970s and inspired the transition of some former leftists into the Neoconservative movement, which espoused militant anti-Soviet foreign policy.External links
* [http://www.trotskyana.net/Trotskyists/Bio-Bibliographies/bio-bibl_shachtman.pdf The Lubitz Trotskyana.Net] - biographical sketch and selective bibliography
* [http://www.workersliberty.org/taxonomy/term/502/all Collection of writings by and on Shachtman] on theWorkers' Liberty website
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/shachtma/index.htm Max Shachtman Internet Archive] atMarxists.org
* [http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/issue2.htm "New International" Archive (1940-1946)] & [http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/ni/issue3.htm (1947-1958)] in the "Encyclopaedia of Trotskyism On-Line (ETOL)"
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