- Thomasites
The Thomasites is a group of about five hundred pioneer American teachers sent by the U.S. government to the
Philippines in August 1901.Foundation, purpose and etymology
The Thomasites arrived in the Philippines on August 12, 1901 to establish a new
public school system, to teachbasic education and to train Filipino teachers, with English as themedium of instruction .Karnow, Stanley. "In OurMarch 3 1990 , 536 pages, ISBN 0-345-32816-7] [http://www.news.ops.gov.ph/archives2003/oct12.htm "The Thomasites:An Army Like No Other", News.Ops.gov.ph October 12, 2003] ] [http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/1011987.html Thomas Sites In the Philippines Remarks by US Embassy Charge d'Affaires Michael E Malinowski In Honor of the Thomasites Centennial Memorial Program at the American Teacher's Plot North Cemetery Manila on August 26 2001 (from the U.S. Peace Corps Online Website) February 17 2003] ] [http://pinoykasi.homestead.com/files/2001articles/08032001_Thomasite.htm Tan, Michael L. "The Thomasite Experiment", Homestead.com, September 03, 2001] ] [http://www.quezonhigh.ca/qphs100us/100years/history.html "Quezon National High School: A Century Hence" from Quezon National High School Website] ] [http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/2841.html International Book Project: Thomasites and Thomasites Centennial Project from U.S. PeaceCorpsOnline.org, June 28, 2001] ] [http://www.emanila.com/pilipino/various/ggr_thomasites.htm Rivera, Guillermo Gómez. "The Thomasites Before and After" (eManila:05 August 2001), date retrieved: 27 May 2007] ] . The Philippines had enjoyed a public school system since 1863, when a Spanish decree first introduced public elementary education in the Philippines. However, the Thomasites expanded and improved the public school system, and switched to English as the medium of instruction.The name "Thomasite" was derived from the transport vessel, the USS "Thomas" (formerly "
Minnewaska "), that brought them to the shores of Manila Bay. Although two groups of new American graduates arrived in the Philippines before the USS Thomas, the name "Thomasite" became the designation of all pioneer American teachers simply because the USS Thomas had the largest contingent. Later batches of American teachers were also dubbed as the Thomasites.The Thomasites, 365 males and 165 females, left Pier 12 of
San Francisco onJuly 23 1901 to sail via thePacific Ocean toSouth East Asia . TheU.S. government spent about $105,000 for the expedition. More American teachers followed the Thomasites in 1902, making a total of about 1,074 stationed in the Philippines.At the time, the Thomasites were offered $125 a month, but once in the Philippines salaries were often delayed, and were usually paid in devalued
Mexican pesos .Although the Thomasites were the largest group of pioneers with the purpose of educating the Filipinos, they were not the first to be deployed by
Washington, D.C. A few weeks before the arrival of the USS Thomas, U.S. Army soldiers had already began teaching Filipinos the English language, thus in effect laying down the foundation of the Philippine public school system. TheU.S. Army opened the Philippines’ first public school inCorregidor Island , after AdmiralGeorge Dewey vanquished the Spanish Pacific fleet inManila Bay onMay 1 ,1898 . Also, a few weeks before the USS Thomas, another group composed of 48 American teachers also arrived in the Philippines aboard the "Sheridan ".After President
William McKinley ’s appointment ofWilliam Howard Taft as the head of a commission that would be responsible for continuing the educational work started by the U.S. Army, theTaft Commission passed Education Act No. 34 onJanuary 21 1901 , which established the Department of Public Instruction. The latter was then given the task of establishing a public school system throughout the Philippines. The Taft Commission also authorized the further deployment of 1,000 more educators from the U.S. to the Philippines.Assignments
After being
quarantine d for two days after their arrival onAugust 21 1901 , the Thomasites were finally able to disembark from the USS Thomas. They travelled from the customs house near the Anda Circle then stayed at the walled cityIntramuros ,Manila before being given initial provincial assignments which includedAlbay ,Catanduanes ,Camarines Norte ,Camarines Sur ,Sorsogon ,Masbate ,Samar ,Zambales ,Aparri ,Jolo ,Negros , Cebu,Dumaguete ,Bataan ,Batangas ,Pangasinan andTarlac .Curriculum 1902-1935
The Thomasites taught the following subjects: English, agriculture, reading, grammar, geography, mathematics, general courses, trade courses, housekeeping and household arts (sewing, crocheting and cooking), manual trading, mechanical drawing, freehand drawing and athletics (baseball, track and field, tennis, indoor baseball and basketball).
Legacy
The Thomasites built upon the contributions laid down by the U.S. Army. They built elementary schools and learning institutions such as the Philippine Normal School and the Philippine School of Arts and Trades (PSAT) in 1901, the Tarlac High School on
September 21 1902 and theQuezon National High School (now, Tayabas High School), also in 1902.The Thomasites also reopened the Philippine Nautical School, which was originally established by the Board of Commerce of Manila in 1839 under
Spain . About a hundred of the Thomasites stayed on to live in the Philippines after finishing their teaching assignments. They transformed the Philippines into the third largest English-speaking nation in the world and they became the s of the present-day U.S.Peace Corps Volunteers.For their contribution to Philippine education, the Thomasites Centennial Project was established in cooperation with American Studies associations in the Philippines, the Philippine-American Educational Foundation, the Embassy of the United States of America in Manila, and other leading cultural and educational institutions in the Philippines. [ [http://manila.usembassy.gov/wwwhra60.html The Thomasites' Centennial Project: Launching of a Book on Thomasites and Photographs (Book Title:"Back to the Future: Perspectives on the Thomasites Legacy to the Philippines";Author Name: Corazon D. Villareal, Professor, University of the Philippines, U.S. Embassy (Manila) Website, August 15 2003] ]
List of some Thomasite teachers
*George G. Adams, married a Filipino named Esperanza Nolasco in
Aparri
*Mr.Allen , died due tosmallpox atNaga , Cebu
*Thaddeus Delos Anglemyer, husband ofPhilinda Rand [http://oasis.harvard.edu:10080/oasis/deliver/~sch00428 Anglemyer, Philinda Parsons Rand, 1876-1972. Papers, 1901-1909: A Finding Aid, Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America] , Call No. 86-M74--86-M130, Repository: [http://www.radcliffe.edu/schles/ Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute; These papers of Philinda Parsons (Rand) Anglemyer were given to the Schlesinger Library by her daughters, Katharine and Mary Anglemyer, in May and July 1986), Radcliffe College, July 1986] , retrieved on: June 23, 2007]
*Mr.Badger , died ofcholera at Malasiqui,Pangasinan , buried inManila ; his widow was also a Thomasite who decided to remain in the Philippines with her two sons
*Henry H. Balch, former principal ofQuezon National High School
*James D. Barry [http://www.inquirer.net/globalnation/col_lob/2004/jun18.htm Ocampo, Ambeth R. "What the Thomasites Ate on Their Voyage to the Philippines", Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inquirer.net, 18 June 2004] ]
*Audrey Boyle, former principal ofQuezon National High School
*Harry Cole , husband of another Thomasite, Mary Cole
*Mr.Collins , drowned en route to Cebu from Negros, buried inDumaguete
*Edwin Copeland , first dean of UP College of Agriculture and founder of theUniversity of the Philippines at Los Baños .
*Austin Craig, an American expert onJosé Rizal
*TheDavis family, husband and wife with five children
*Mr. Floyd Engle
*Mary Fee, author of "An American Woman’s Impression of the Philippines", reprinted by GCF Books
*Paul Gilbert
*C. Goddard, aCatholic University graduate
*Hattie Grove, the English-language teacher ofCarlos P. Romulo
*Mr.Guernsey , died after succumbing to diphtheria atBalayan ,Batangas
*A.V.H. Hartendorp, the founder and publisher of the "Philippine Magazine"
*Harvey Edgar Hostetter, stationed in Panay (1914 to 1917)
*TheHilt family, husband and wife with three children, fromHawaii
*Mr. Jamizon, died due tocholera while atDinalupihan , Bataan
*Maud Jarman
*Adeline Knapp
*Frederic Marquardt, is himself a son of a pioneer Thomasite, who went back to the Philippines in 1987 to unveil a bust of his father.
*Roy Matthews
*Glenn Anthony May , author of the book "Social Engineering in the Philippines"
*Blaine Free Moore
*Benjamin Neal
*James O'Hara [ [http://www.oharas.com/messages/201to225.php Oharas Website Message Database, Oharas.com] ]
*Luther Park
*Philinda Rand
*Delight Rice [http://web.kssp.upd.edu.ph/linguistics/plc2006/papers/FullPapers/V-3_Abat-Martinez.pdf Abat, Rafaelito M., and Liza B. Martinez. The History of Sign Language in the Philippines: Piecing Together the Puzzle, Philippine Federation of the Deaf / Philippine Deaf Resource Center, Philippine Linguistics Congress, Department of Linguistics, University of the Philippines, January 25-27, 2006, 8 pages] (PDF), retrieved on: March 25, 2008] , founder of the Manila School of the Deaf in 1907 (see "Filipino Sign Language ")
*Carrie Rice Shaw, also wrote a poem while on board the USS Thomas en route to the Philippines
*E. E. Schneider, author of the poem, "To the Philippine Teachers" which was written in 1901 while aboard the USS Thomas, en route to the Philippines
*TheTownsend family, husband, wife and three children, from Hawaii
*Frank Russell White, assigned in Tarlac [http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/messages/467/1011987.html Dizon, Lino L. Mr. White: A 'Thomasite's' History of Tarlac Province (1901-1913), PeaceCorpsOnline.org, February 17, 2003] , retrieved on: June 22, 2007]
* [http://geocities.com/cavitesu/kabsu.htm C. J. Anderson: Founder of Indang Intermediate School (KNA Cavite State University)- Tagalog]ee also
*
History of the Philippines
*Philippine English References
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