Streblidae

Taxobox
name = Streblidae
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
subphylum = Hexapoda
classis = Insecta
subclassis = Pterygota
infraclassis = Neoptera
superordo = Endopterygota|
ordo = Diptera
subordo = Brachycera
infraordo = Muscomorpha
zoosectio = Schizophora
zoosubsectio = Calyptratae
superfamilia = Hippoboscoidea
familia = Streblidae (but see text)
familia_authority =
subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
subdivision =
Ascodipterinae

Nycteriboscinae

Nycterophiliinae

Streblinae

Trichobiinae
but see text

Streblidae are flies in the superfamily Hippoboscoidea, and together with their relatives the Nycteribiidae are known as "bat flies". They are winged or wingless ectoparasites of bats, and often have long legs. They appear to be host-specific, with different species of bat flies occurring only on particular species of bat hosts, sometimes with multiple species of flies sharing a host bat.

ystematics

The 150 or so species are divided among roughly 30 genera and 5 subfamilies. But as it seems, the group is not monophyletic as traditionally understood. Rather, it seems to unite some very ancient lineages of bat flies (e.g. Nycteriboscinae) and some (e.g. Trichobiinae) that are far more advanced and about as distant from the former as the Nycteribiidae. Several authors favor splitting the family into an Old World (Ascodipterinae and Nycteriboscinae) and a New World (all others) one. The former would be named Ascodipterinae and the latter would retain the name Streblidae. Alternatively, Streblidae and Nycteribiidae might be united as a monophyletic family containing all bat flies. [Petersen "et al." (2007)]

Subfamilies are here listed in presumed order of most ancient to most recently evolved. Selected genera are also given, sorted alphabetically as too little is known about their interrelationships.

Subfamily Nycteriboscinae Speiser 1900 (sometimes Brachytarsininae )
* "Brachytarsina" Macquart, 1851
* "Brachyotheca"
* "Megastrebla" Maa, 1971
* "Raymondia" Frauenfeld, 1855
* "Raymondiodes" Jobling, 1954

Subfamily Ascodipterinae Monticelli 1898
* "Ascodipteron" Adensamer, 1896
* "Maabella" Hastriter & Bush, 2006
* "Paraascodipteron" Advani & Vazirani, 1981

Subfamily Nycterophiliinae Wenzel, 1966
* "Nycterophilia" Ferris, 1916
* "Phalconomus" Wenzel, 1984

Subfamily Streblinae Speiser, 1900
* "Anastrebla" Wenzel, 1966
* "Metelasmus" Coquillett, 1907
* "Paraeuctenodes" Pessôa & Guimarães, 1937
* "Strebla" Wiedemann, 1824

Subfamily Trichobiinae Jobling, 1936
* "Anatrichobius" Wenzel, 1966
* "Aspidoptera" Coquillett, 1899
* "Eldunnia" Curran, 1934
* "Exastinion" Wenzel, 1966
* "Joblingia" Dybas & Wenzel, 1947
* "Megistopoda"
* "Paratrichobius" Costa Lima, 1921
* "Trichobius" Gervais, 1844
* "Xenotrichobius" Wenzel, 1976

Footnotes

References

* (2007): The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers. "Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." 45(1): 111–122. doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.023 (HTML abstract)

Further reading

* (2005): A faunal survey of streblid flies (Diptera: Streblidae) associated with bats in Paraguay. "Journal of Parasitology" 91(5): 1015-1024. doi|10.1645/GE-536R.1 [http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/patterso/DickandGettinger2005JParasit.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1983): Biology and ecology of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats in the genus "Carollia". "Journal of Medical Entomology" 20(1): 1-10. PMID 6827567
* (1995): Ecology of ectoparasites from tropical bats. "Environmental Entomology" 24(6): 1495−1503. [http://www.personal.psu.edu/mrg5/Batectoecology.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1999): Batflies parasitic on some phyllostomid bats in southeastern Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite relationships. "Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" 94(2): 151-156. doi|10.1590/S0074-02761999000200004 [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v94n2/3603.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1998): Distributional evidence for cospeciation between Neotropical bats and their bat fly ectoparasites. "Studies of Neotropical Fauna and Environment" 33(2): 76−84. doi|10.1076/snfe.33.2.76.2152 [http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/aa/Files/patterso/Studies_in_Neotrop_1999.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1976): The Streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera:Streblidae). "Brigham Young University Science Bulletin (Biological Series)" 20(4): 1−177.
* (1966): "Ectoparasites of Panama". Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA.