List of members of the 20 July plot

This is a list of members of the 20 July plot, a coup d'état which involved a failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler. At least 7,000 persons were arrested by the Gestapo [ William Shirer, "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich",pp 1393 ] . According to records of the "Fuerhrer Conferences on Naval Affairs", 4,980 persons were executed [ Shirer, Id. ] . The most prominent conspirators were ordered to be "hanged like cattle" by Hitler. At the Ploetzensee prison, those persons were placed on meathooks and slowly strangled with piano wire [ Shirer, p 1391 ] .

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B

* Colonel General Ludwig Beck, ex-Chief of the General Staff (1880-1944); executed 20 July at the office of Colonel General Friedrich Fromm after being allowed two chances to shoot himself [ Shirer, pp 1385-87 ]
* Lieutenant Colonel Robert Bernardis (1908-1944)
* Count Albrecht von Bernstorff, former embassy councillor (1890-1945); executed by firing squad at Gestapo headquarters, 22 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1393 ]
* Major Count Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal (1907-1944);
* Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Hasso von Boehmer (1904-1945)
* Eugen Bolz, former Staatspräsident of Württemberg (1881-1945)
* Lieutenant Colonel Georg von Boeselager, cavalry officer (1915-1944)
* Lieutenant Philipp von Boeselager, cavalry officer (1917-2008)
* Dietrich Bonhoeffer, theological professor and minister of the Confessing Church (1906-1945); arrested 1943 for treason, executed 9 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1329 ]
* Klaus Bonhoeffer, lawyer (1901-1945); executed by Gestapo, 22 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1393 ]
* Randolph von Breidbach-Bürresheim
* Dr. Eduard Brücklmeier, legation councillor (1903-1944)
* Captain Axel Freiherr von dem Bussche-Streithorst (1919-1993); made plans to assassinate Hitler with suicide bomb [ Shirer, p1333 ]

C

* Oscar Caminecci, farmer
* Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, Chief of German Military Intelligence (1887-1945); hanged at Flossenburg concentration camp, 9 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1394 ]
* Walter Cramer, industrialist; hanged at Plötzensee Prison, 14 November 1944

D

* Professor Alfred Delp, Pater S.J. (1907-1945); executed 2 February 1945 [ Shirer, p1392 ]
* Dr. Wilhelm Dieckmann, official working in a ministry
* Marion Gräfin Dönhoff, proposed as ID person to President of the Bundesrepublik in 1979, by Willy Brandt, see Art. 139 GG, Art. 18 GG
* Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Tolksdorf, landowner
* Court official Hans von Dohnanyi (1902-1945); arrested for treason, 1943; executed 9 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1330 ]
* Lieutenant Hans Martin Dorsch
* Captain Max-Ulrich Graf von Drechsel

E

* Professor Fritz Elsas, former deputy mayor of Berlin
* Lieutenant (General Staff) Karl-Heinz Engelhorn
* Lieutenant Hans Otto Erdmann

F

* Baron Alexander von Falkenhausen, military commander of Belgium and northern France (1878-1966); freed by American troops from Niederhorf on 4 May 1945, before Gestapo could carry out death sentence; imprisoned until 1951 for war crimes [ Shirer, p1394 ]
* General Erich Fellgiebel, chief of military signals (1886-1944); in charge of cutting off communications on 20 July, hanged on 10 August 1944
* Colonel (General Staff) Eberhard Finckh (1899-1944)
* Professor Max Fleischmann
* Reinhold Frank, lawyer
* Ehrengard Frank-Schultz
* Colonel (General Staff) Wessel von Freytag-Loringhoven (1899-1944), who provided the explosives for the plot
* Walter Frick, salesman
* Colonel General Friedrich Fromm (1888-1945). Aware of the conspiracy, betrayed and executed conspirators, including Stauffenberg, on 20 July. He was arrested on orders of Himmler the next day, and executed by firing squad for "cowardice" on 19 March 1945 [ Shirer, pp 1382-84, 1394 ]

G

* Captain Ludwig Gehre
* Colonel Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff (1905-1980), chief of intelligence for Field Marshal Guenther Kluge, planned suicide bomb attack for 21 March 1943 [ Shirer, p1326 ]
* Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906-1986), Consistory Councillor, subsequently Speaker of the Bundestag
* Hans Bernd Gisevius (1904-1974)
* Erich Gloeden, architect; and Elisabeth Charlotte Gloeden, his wife, guillotined 30 November 1944, Plötzensee Prison.
* Dr. Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (1884-1945), former mayor of Leipzig; arrested 12 August 1943 in Konradswalde; hanged 2 February 1945 [ Shirer, p1392 ]
* Fritz Goerdeler, treasurer of Königsberg; brother of Carl Goerdeler, hanged February 1945 [ Shirer, p1392 ]
* Colonel (General Staff) Helmuth Groscurth
* Nikolaus Gross, journalist (1898-1945)
* Karl Ludwig Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg (1902-1945) publisher of The White Pages from 1934, arranged the first meeting of Carl Goerdeler and Ulrich von Hassell in 1939, Counterintelligence under Admiral Canaris, arrested by the Gestapo after 20. July 1944, murdered 23-24 April 1945

H

* Max Habermann, Christian syndicate leader
* Hans Bernd von Haeften, official in the foreign office, executed 15 August 1944, Plötzensee prison
* Lieutenant Werner von Haeften (1908-1944); executed 20 July 1944, by firing squad on orders of General Fromm [ Shirer, p1386 ]
* Syndic Albrecht von Hagen (1904-1944)
* Colonel Kurt Hahn
* Colonel General Franz Halder, Chief of the General Staff; freed by American troops from Niederdorf on 4 May 1945, before Gestapo could carry out death sentence [ Shirer, p1394 ]
* Nikolaus-Christoph von Halem (1905-1944), merchant
* Eduard Hamm, former ministry official (1879-1944)
* Colonel (General Staff) Georg Hansen [ Shirer, p1393 ]
* Colonel (General Staff) Bodo von Harbow
* Ernst von Harnack, former district president
* General-leutnant Paul von Hase, commander of Berlin (1885-1944); among the first eight tried by the People's Court; hanged 8 August 1944 [ Shirer, p1391 ]
* Ulrich von Hassell, former ambassador to Italy (1881-1944); executed 8 September 1944 [ Shirer, p1392 ]
* Theodor Haubach, leading social democrat
* Professor Albrecht-Georg Haushofer; executed by firing squad at Gestapo prison, 23 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1393 ]
* Major (General Staff) Egbert Hayessen
* Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorf, police president of Berlin; executed 15 August 1944 at Plötzensee Prison [ Shirer, p1393 ]
* Major General Otto Herfurth; collaborated with, then betrayed, conspirators; hanged [ Shirer, p1384 ]
* Andreas Hermes, former minister for food and agriculture (1878-1964)
* Colonel General Erich Hoepner (1886-1944); among the first eight hanged, 8 August 1944 [ Shirer, p1391 ]
* Colonel Caesar von Hofacker (1896-1944); testimony led to execution of General Erwin Rommel [ Shirer, p1398 ]
* Major Roland von Hößlin
* Otto Hübener, director of an insurance company

J

* Colonel Friedrich Gustav Jaeger (1895-1944)
* Max Jennewein, technician
* Professor Jens-Peter Jessen
* Hans John, lawyer
* Otto John (1909-1997), in 1954 while President of the Constitutional Protection, defected to East Germany.

K

* Hermann Kaiser, grammar school teacher
* Jakob Kaiser, CDU co-founder (1888-1961)
* Franz Kempner, retired ministry official (undersecretary of state)
* Albrecht von Kessel, Diplomat, Mission Adviser at the Vatican
* Otto Kiep, envoy (1886-1944), executed 15 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Georg Conrad Kießling, farmer
* Lieutenant Colonel Bernhard Klamroth, executed 15 August 1944 by hanging, Plötzensee Prison
* Georg-Johannes Klamroth, merchandiser
* Hans Georg Klamroth, salesman (1898-1944); executed 26 August 1944 by hanging, Plötzensee Prison
* Captain Friedrich Karl Klausing (1920-1944)
* Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin (1890-1945) Executed 16 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1333 ]
* Lieutenant Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin (1922-2007)
* General Field Marshal Günther von Kluge (1882-1944) Swallowed poison 18 August 1944, after being replaced by Field Marshal Walther Model [ Shirer, p1333 ]
* Major Gerhard Knaack
* Dr. Hans Koch, lawyer (1893-1945)
* Heinrich Körner, union leader
* Lieutenant Commander Alfred Kranzfelder
* Richard Kuenzer, legation councillor
* Elise Auguste Kutznitzki, née von Liliencron
* Elizabeth Kuznitzky, guillotined 30 November 1944, Plötzensee Prison

L

* Lieutenant Colonel Fritz von der Lancken, headmaster of a boarding school
* Carl Langbehn, lawyer
* Dr. Julius Leber, social democratic politician (1891-1945)
* Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, landowner. Executed 4 September 1944 [ Shirer, p1182 ]
* Syndic Dr. Paul Lejeune-Jung (1882-1944)
* Major Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod
* Bernhard Letterhaus, leader of the Catholic worker community (1894-1944)
* Franz Leuninger, former secretary General of the Christian Metal Workers' Association
* Wilhelm Leuschner, leading social democrat, former minister for internal affairs of Hesse
* General of the Artillery Fritz Lindemann
* Colonel (General Staff) Ottfried von Linstow
* Paul Löbe (1875-1967)
* Ewald Loeser (1888-1970)
* Ferdinand Freiherr von Lüninck, governor of Westphalia
* Wilhelm Graf zu Lynar

M

* Hermann Maaß, leading social democrat, executed 20 October 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Colonel Rudolf Graf von Marogna-Redwitz
* Karl Marks, merchant
* Michael Graf von Matuschka, district president, executed 14 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Colonel Joachim Meichßner, executed 29 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Karl Michel
* Carlo Mierendorff, SPD (1897-1943)
* Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, lawyer, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee Prison
* Joseph Müller, executed 11 September 1944, Brandenburg-Gőrden prison
* Dr. Otto Müller, prelate
* Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein, legation councillor out of service
* Lieutenant Colonel Ernst Munziger

N

* Arthur Nebe, head of the national police, executed 2 March 1945,Plőtzensee prison
* Wilhelm zur Nieden, local government building officer
* Gustav Noske, SPD politician (1868-1946)

O

* Major (General Staff) Ulrich von Oertzen
* Colonel General Friedrich Olbricht (1880-1944) Executed on orders of Colonel General Fromm, 20 July 1944 [ Shirer, p1387 ]
* Major General Hans Oster hanged at Flossenburg with Admiral Canaris, 9 April 1945 [ Shirer, p1394 ]

P

* Friedrich Justus Perels, legal advisor of the Confessing Church
* Generalleutnant Erich Petersen
* Erwin Planck, former undersecretary of state (Max Planck's son)
* Kurt Freiherr von Plettenberg, plenipotentiary of the former Royal House of Prussia (31 January 1891 - 10 March 1945; suicide in Gestapo arrest)
* Dr. Johannes Popitz, Prussian minister of finance; executed 2 February 1945, Plőtzensee prison [ Shirer, p1392 ]

Q

* Colonel Ritter Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim (1905-1944) Executed on orders of Colonel General Fromm, 20 July 1944 [ Shirer, p1387 ]

R

* Cuno Raabe, lawyer (1888-1971)
* General Friedrich von Rabenau, executed 15 April 1945, Flossenbŭrg concentration camp
* Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Karl Ernst Rathgens
* Professor Adolf Reichwein, leading social democrat, executed 20 October 1944, Plőtzensee prison
* Colonel Alexis Freiherr von Roenne, executed 12 October 1944, Plőtzensee prison
* General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (1891-1944); Suspected involvement. (later after the war found false) Allowed to commit suicide, 14 October 1944, and given state funeral [ The Rommel Papers]

S

* Karl Sack, Judge Advocate General of the Army (1896-1945) [ Shirer, p197 ] executed 9 April, Flossenbürg concentration camp
* Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Joachim Sadrozinski
* Anton Saefkow, mechanical engineer [ Shirer, p1355 ]
* Major Hans-Viktor Graf von Salviati
* First Lieutenant Fabian von Schlabrendorff, after the war Member of the Federal Constitutional Court (1907-1980)
* Professor Rüdiger Schleicher
* Ernst Wilhelm Schneppenhorst, former labour union leader
* Friedrich Scholz-Babisch, farmer, executed 13 October 1944, Plötzensee prison
* Colonel Hermann Schöne
* Lieutenant Colonel Werner Schrader
* Friedrich Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, ambassador. Executed 10 November 1944 [ Shirer, pp1392 ]
* Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg, district president. Hanged 10 August 1944 [ Shirer, pp1399-1400 ]
* Colonel (General Staff) Georg Schultze-Büttger
* Ludwig Schwamb, leading social democrat, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison
* Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, landowner
* Hans-Ludwig Sierks, local government building officer
* Lieutenant Colonel (General Staff) Günther Smend,executed 8 September 1944, Plötzensee prison
* Franz Sperr, legate, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison
* General Hans Speidel, Rommel's chief of staff, later commander of NATO ground forces (1897-1984)
* Colonel Wilhelm Staehle
* Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1905-1944), lawyer and brother of Colonel von Stauffenberg, hanged 10 August 1944
* Colonel (General Staff) Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (1907-1944), shot at Bendlerblock
* Colonel (General Staff) Hans-Joachim Freiherr von Steinaecker
* Major General Helmuth Stieff
* Theodor Strünck, insurance director
* Colonel General Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel (1886-1944)
* Major Carl Szokoll

T

* Lieutenant Colonel Gustav Tellgmann
* Elisabeth von Thadden, headmistress of a boarding school, executed 8 September 1944 Plötzensee Prison
* Lieutenant General Fritz Thiele, executed 4 September 1944, Plötzensee prison
* Major Busso Thoma, executed 23 January 1945, Plötzensee prison
* General Carl Freiherr von Thüngen
* Lieutenant Colonel Gerd von Tresckow
* Major General Henning von Tresckow (1901-1944)
* Adam von Trott zu Solz, legation councillor, executed 26 August 1944, Plötzensee prison

U

* Colonel (retired) Nikolaus Graf von Uxküll-Gyllenband, 14 September 1944, Plötzensee prison

V

* Fritz Voigt, former police president of Breslau, executed 1 March 1945, Plötzensee prison
* Lieutenant Colonel Hans-Alexander von Voss

W

* General quartermaster of the army Eduard Wagner
* Colonel Siegfried Wagner
* Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, ministry official, executed 8 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* chaplain Hermann Wehrle, executed 14 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Carl Wentzel Teutschenthal, executed 20 December 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Josef Wirmer, lawyer, executed 8 September 1944, Plötzensee Prison
* Oswald Wiersich, labour union leader, executed 1 March 1945, Plötzensee Prison
* General Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben; executed 8 August 1944, Plötzensee Prison

Y

Z

* Arthur Zarden
* General Gustav von Ziehlberg, secretary of state

References