Caviidae

Taxobox
name = Caviidae
fossil_range = Middle Miocene - Recent

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image_width = 250px
image_caption = Mara, genus "Dolichotis"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Rodentia
familia = Caviidae
familia_authority = Fischer de Waldheim, 1817
subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
subdivision = Caviinae Dolichotinae HydrochoerinaeThe Cavy family (Caviidae) is a family of rodents native to South America, and including the domestic guinea pig, wild cavies, and the capybara, among other animals. They are found across the continent, in open areas from moist savanna to thorn forests or scrub desert.

Characteristics

With the exception of the maras, which have a more rabbit-like appearance, caviids have short, heavy bodies, and large heads. They have no visible tails. They range in size from the smaller cavies at 22cm in body length, and 300 grams in weight, up to the capybara, the largest of all rodents at 106 to 134 cm in length, and with a body weight of 35 to 66 kilograms. Even larger forms existed in the Pliocene, such as "Phugatherium", which was about the size of a tapircite book |author= Savage, RJG, & Long, MR|year=1986 |title= Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 125-126|isbn= 0-8160-1194-X] .

They are herbivores, eating tough grasses or softer leaves, depending on species. The dental formula is similar to that of other rodents: dentition2|1.0.1.3|1.0.1.3Females give birth to two or three furred and active young after a gestation period of 50 to 90 days in most species, or 150 days in the capybara. In most species, they are sexually mature within a few months of birth, although in capybaras, maturity is not reached until around 18 months.

Social organisation varies widely among the group. Many cavies are promiscuous, forming no long-lasting social groups, although, in some species, males maintain harems of two or more females. In contrast, maras are monogamous, and form temporary colonial creches to care for the young of multiple mothers. Capybaras live in groups of around ten individuals, and sometimes many more, each with a single dominant male, and a number of females, subordinate males, and juvenilescite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Herrera, E., Lacher, T.E., Macdonald, D., & Taber, A.B.|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 690-699|isbn= 0-87196-871-1] .

Classification

Family Caviidae
*Subfamily Caviinae: Guinea pigs (cavies)
**Genus "Cavia", this genus is especially called "cavy".
**Genus "Galea"
**Genus "Microcavia": Desert cavies
*Subfamily Dolichotinae
**Genus "Dolichotis": Patagonian hares, or maras
*Subfamily Hydrochoerinae
**Genus "Hydrochoerus": Capybara
**Genus "Kerodon": Rock cavy

References

*Woods, C. A. and C. W. Kilpatrick. 2005. Pp 1538-1600 "in" Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.