Cornelian

Cornelian

Cornelian is a red variety of chalcedony, which is cryptocrystalline quartz. Its red colour is due to the presence of iron impurities in the form of iron oxide or hematite. It can vary from a flesh red to a clear red. It is usually cut en cabochon, or into beads, and is also used for intaglios and cameos. Imitations of cornelian are made by the staining of agate. Cornelian is related to amethyst and citrine.

ources

The bow drill was used to drill holes into cornelian and lapis lazuli in Mehrgarh between 4th-5th millennium BCE.Kulke, Hermann & Rothermund, Dietmar (2004). "A History of India". Routledge. 22. ISBN 0415329205.] Originally found in the deserts of Arabia and Egypt, it has also been found in the Rio Grande area, India, China, Colombia, Saxony, Scotland, West Germany, and the USA.

Technical details

* Chemical composition and name: SiO2 / Silicon Dioxide
* Hardness : 7
* Specific Gravity : 2.65 - 2.66
* Refractive Index (R.I.): 1.543 - 1.552 to 1.545 - 1.554
* Bi-refringence : 0.009
* Optic Sign : Positive
* Optical Character : Uniaxial


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Cornelian — Cor*nel ian (k?r n?lyan), n. [F. cornaline, OF. corneline, fr. L. cornu horn. So called from its horny appearance when broken. See {Horn}, and cf. {Carnelian}.] (Min.) Same as {Carnelian}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • cornelian — red variety of chalcedony, a variant of corneline (c.1400), from O.Fr. corneline (Mod.Fr. cornaline), dim. of corneola, probably from V.L. *cornea, from L. cornus, name of a type of berry (see CORNEL (Cf. cornel)) …   Etymology dictionary

  • cornelian — [kôr nēl′yən] n. [ME & OFr corneline, dim. < OFr corneola, prob. (because of similarity of color) < VL * cornea: see CORNEL] CARNELIAN …   English World dictionary

  • Cornelian Bay, Tasmania — Cornelian Bay Hobart, Tasmania Postcode: 7008 …   Wikipedia

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  • Cornelian automobile — The Cornelian was a 1914 American automobile built expressly for racing. It had chain drive and was the smallest such configuration to be raced at the Indianapolis Speedway.[1] Manufacture The 1914 Cornelian was manufactured by Howard E. Blood… …   Wikipedia

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