Buk (drum)

Infobox Korean name

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caption="Buk"
hangul=
hanja=none
rr=buk
mr=pukThe "buk" is a traditional Korean drum. While the term "buk" is a native Korean word used as a generic term meaning "drum" (the Sino-Korean word being "go"), it is most often used to refer to a shallow barrel-shaped drum, with a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin.Fact|date=September 2008 Buk are categorized as "hyekbu" (혁부, linktext|革|部) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used for "jeongak" (Korean court music) and folk music.cite web|url=http://www.nfm.go.kr/data/full.cgi?v_kw_str=&v_db=1&v_doc_no=00000822&opt_s=1 |title=북 (鼓)|publisher=National Folk Museum of Korea |language=Korean ]

History

The buk used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat their "buk" with "bukchae" (북채, a drumstick) on one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly beat their "buk" with it on their right hand as hitting the other side of the buk with their bare left hand.cite web|url=http://100.empas.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=237379&v=45 |title=북|publisher=Empas / EncyKorea |language=Korean ] A while ago, even "jong" (종, bell) was referred to as "soebuk" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in the "buk" category.

"Buk" have been used for Korean music since the period of the Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings in Anak Tomb of Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) and records of Book of Sui on the kingdoms, Goguryeo and Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types of buk are depicted in the paintings titled "Juakdo" (주악도, linktext|奏|樂|圖, "painging of playing music") and "Haengryeoldo" (행렬도, linktext|行|列|圖, "painting of marching") such as "ipgo" (입고, linktext|立|鼓) and "damgo" (담고, linktext|擔|鼓) respectively. The "ipgo" is a buk that performers beat as standing, while the "damgo" is a "buk" that drummers strik as carrying it on their shoulder.

During the Unified Silla period (668 – 935), "daego" (대고, linktext|大|鼓) or " keunbuk", meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument named "bak" (박, linktext|拍) in a music played by "Samhyeon samjuk" (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises of samhyeon, three string intruments such as "geomungo", "gayageum", and "hyangbipa" and "samjuk" such as "daegeum", "junggeum" and "sogeum".cite web|url=http://101.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=469154&contentno=469154 |title=삼현삼죽 (三絃三竹) |publisher=Doosan Encyclopedia |language=Korean] In the Goryeo period (918 – 1392), as dangak and aak were introduced to Korea from China, a lot of "buk" such as "janggu", "gyobanggo", "jingo" began to be used for the court music.

In the Joseon period, scores of "buk" were used for the royal court music including janggu, jwago, yonggo, gyobanggo, jingo, jeolgo, nogo and others. Among them "janggu" was also used for folk music, and later became the most commonly used instrument.

While there are twenty types of "buk" used in the present Korean traditional music, most commonly used buk are "jwago" to perform "Samhyeon yukgak" (삼현육각, 三絃六角), "yonggo" for marching music, "gyobango" for "bukchum" (북춤, drum dance), "beopgo" for Buddhist ritual ceremonies, "sogo" used by Namsadang, and street musicians, "soribuk" or called "gojangbuk" for pansori, "maegubuk" (or called "nongakbuk") used for nongak, and "motbanggo" used by farmers as working.

Usages

There are two forms of undecorated "buk" used in Korean folk music: the "buk" used to accompany "pansori", which has tacked heads, is called a "sori-buk" (소리북), ^{[http://www.gukakgi.co.kr/board/upload/1077934742_drum_3.gifphoto]} while the "buk" used to accompany "pungmul" music, which has laced heads, is called "pungmul-buk" (풍물북). ^{[http://blog.joins.com/usr/i/j/ijinb/10/%ED%92%8D%EB%AC%BC%EB%B6%81.gifphoto]} The "sori-buk" is played with both an open left hand and a stick made of birch that is held in the right hand, with the stick striking both the right drumhead and the wood of the drum's body. The "pungmul-buk" is one of the four instruments used in "samul nori", a modern performance version of "pungmul". [http://www.culturebase.net/artist.php?1208] It is played by striking a single stick (usually with the right hand) on only one of its heads.

Due to its similarity in shape and construction, the "yonggo" (hangul: 용고; hanja: ; literally "dragon drum"), which is a barrel drum with tacked heads decorated with painted dragon designs and used in the military wind-and-percussion music called "daechwita", is sometimes also classified as a form of "buk". It is struck with two padded sticks.

A modern set of "buk" (usually four) is called "modeum buk" (모듬북). ^{[http://www.kugakki.com/shopimages/hogeon2017/0070000000392.jpgphoto]} They are typically placed horizontally on wooden stands and played with sticks. ^{[http://cfs.flvs.daum.net/files/56/4/10/38/6999815/thumb.jpgphoto]}

Types

*Janggu or Janggo (hangul: 장고 or 장구; hanja: or ) - A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum generally played with one stick and one hand
*Galgo (hangul: 갈고; hanja: ) - Double-headed hourglass-shaped drum similar to the "janggo" but played with two sticks and thinner drum heads; sometimes called "yanggo" or "yangjanggo"; no longer commonly used [http://www.kcaf.or.kr/ehome3/english/galgo.htm]
*Jingo (hangul: 진고; hanja: ) - Largest barrel drum
*Jeolgo (hangul: 절고; hanja: linktext|節|鼓) - Barrel drum
*Jwago (hangul: 좌고; hanja: linktext|座|鼓) - A barrel drum in a wooden frame
*Geongo (hangul: 건고; hanja: linktext|建|鼓) - Huge barrel drum
*Yonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja: linktext|龍|鼓) - A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell; used in "daechwita"
*Eunggo (hangul: 응고; hanja: linktext|應|鼓) - Barrel drum suspended from a frame
*Sakgo - (hangul: 삭고; hanja: linktext|朔|鼓) - A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame
*Gyobanggo (hangul: 교방고; hanja: linktext|敎|坊|鼓) - Flat drum suspended from a frame
*Junggo (hangul: 중고; hanja: linktext|中|鼓) - Flat drum suspended from a frame; similar to the "gyobanggo" but larger
*Sogo (hangul: 소고; hanja: linktext|小|鼓) - A small hand-held drum
*Nogo (hangul: 노고; hanja: linktext|路|鼓) - A set of two drums pierced by a pole
*Nodo (hangul: 노도; hanja: linktext|路|鼗) - A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*Yeongdo (hangul: 노도; hanja:linktext|靈|鼗) - Four drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*Noedo (hangul: 뇌도; hanja: linktext|雷|鼗) ) - six small drums hung in a frame; used in ritual music
*Noego (hangul: 뇌고; hanja: linktext|雷|鼓) - Three small barrel drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music
*Do (도) - single pellet drum on a pole

Gallery

ee also

*Traditional Korean musical instruments

References

*"The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", 2nd ed. S.v. "Puk," by Robert C. Provine. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/52473?q=puk+korean&search=quick&pos=2&_start=1#firsthit]
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*

Bibliography

* Samguk Sagi
* Goryeosa
* Book of Sui
* Akhak Gwebeom
* 민요와 향토악기 (장사훈, 상문당, 1948)
* 국악개요 (장사훈, 정연사, 1961)
* 한국음악사전 (대한민국예술원, 1985)
* 국악대사전 (장사훈, 세광음악출판사, 1984)

External links

* [http://www.ncktpa.go.kr/html/jsp/eng_2006/d00_gugak/d20_ins_pre_view.jsp?gugak_id=221 "Buk" page] from NCKTPA site

Video

* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQ3APm0Fd9M Video showing "sori-buk" used in "pansori"]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8z2QZGaZq8 Video showing "pungmul-buk" used in "samulnori"]
* [http://tvpot.daum.net/clip/ClipView.do?clipid=99267&searchType=0&page=1&rowNum=10&sort=wtime&svctype=1&q=%EB%8C%80%EC%B7%A8%ED%83%80 Video showing "yonggo" used in "daechwita"]