- Andrés Nin
Andreu Nin Pérez, (Catalan: Andreu Nin; Spanish: Andrés Nin;
February 4 1892 ,El Vendrell ,Tarragona —June 20 1937 , nearMadrid ) was a Spanish Communist revolutionary.Early life
Born to a poor family (his father was a shoemaker and his mother was a peasant), Nin moved to
Barcelona shortly beforeWorld War I ; he taught briefly in a secular, anarchist school, but soon became a journalist and activist. In 1917 he joined theSpanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).Nin became a leader of the Spanish workers' movement, and was among the founders of the
Communist Party of Spain (PCE). He consequently worked for theComintern and Red International of Labour Unions (RILU or Profintern) in theSoviet Union and was on the staff ofLeon Trotsky for a period. While in Russia, he was won to theLeft Opposition toJoseph Stalin 's ascending faction within theCommunist Party of the Soviet Union .When he returned to Spain, Nin was instrumental in forming the
Communist Left of Spain (ICE) the self-designated Leninist group affiliated to the International Left Opposition (ILO). However, the ICE was a small group and largely isolated. Nin had a number of disagreements with Trotsky in this period, specifically when Trotsky advised the ICE leader that entry into the Spanish Socialist Youth would augment the forces at their disposal, while Nin advocated forming of a united party with theWorkers and Peasants Bloc (BOC), a group coming out of the Communist movement but seen as being on its right wing.POUM
Eventually Nin broke with Trotsky and the ILO on this question, and the merger went ahead. He (along with
Joaquín Maurín ) formed theWorkers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) in 1935, as a Communist alternative to the Comintern-loyalist PCE.After the Spanish region of
Catalonia saw its regional government reinstated by the Spanish Republic in the opening phase of theSpanish Civil War , Nin joined the devolved government,Generalitat , in Catalonia, headed byLluís Companys , as Councillor of Justice. As Spain's communists gained sway in the Republican government, they moved to purge ex-Communists and those independent of Moscow out of the government. Nin left office on December 16, 1936, concluding a controversial tenure.Following the violent "May Days" of Barcelona, on June 16, 1937 the government, under further Communist sway, declared POUM illegal. Nin and most of the leadership of POUM were arrested and sent to a camp near
Madrid . Andreu Nin was tortured and murdered, under the supervision of theNKVD . Some claim the Republican Government's secret police killed Nin on June 20, with the involvement of "Comandante Contreras"Vittorio Vidali , andIosif Grigulevich . One account suggests German members of the (Communist-run) International Brigades killed Nin in a fake Nazi "liberation," while others have suggested he was taken to Russia for execution. Regardless, Nin's fate was kept secret by those involved, resulting in a clandestine POUM campaign askingJuan Negrín 's new government: "Gobierno Negrín: ¿dónde está Nin?" ("To the government of Negrín: where is Nin?"). As an answer, thepropaganda launched by the PCE proclaimed: "En Salamanca o en Berlín" ("Either inSalamanca [deep in the territory controlled byFrancisco Franco 's forces] orBerlin [inNazi Germany ] "), elaborating theslander campaign alleging that Nin was a fascist.External links
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/nin/index.htm Andrés Nin Archive] on Marxist Internet Archive
* The [http://www.fundanin.org Fundación Andreu Nin] has a Spanish-language site containing an extensive collection of documents, biographical notes, and links related to the POUM and to Nin himself.
* [http://www.segundarepublica.com/index.php?opcion=2&id=4 "Andrés Nin: El crimen que remató la República"] .
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