- Trialism
Trialism in philosophy was introduced by
John Cottingham as an alternative interpretation of themind-body dualism of ReneDescartes . Trialism keeps the two substances of mind and body, but introduces a third attribute, sensation, belonging to the union of mind and body. This allows animals, which do not have thought, to be regarded as having sensation and not as being mereautomata .Christian trialism is the doctrine that humans have three separate essences (body, soul, spirit), based on a literal interpretation of
1 Thessalonians 5:23 "And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." This doctrine holds thesoul to belong to the union of the body and the spirit, which makes it roughly compatible with philosophical trialism. However, the evangelistKenneth Copeland came under fire by critics such asHank Hanegraff for extending trialism to each Person in theTrinity , for a total of nine essences.ource
Cottingham, J. "Cartesian Trialism", Mind, 1985.
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