Blackdown, Sussex

Infobox Mountain
Name = Blackdown
Photo = blackdown.jpg
Caption = View of Blackdown, painted by Helen Allingham, 1902
Elevation = 280 metres (919 feet)
Location = South Downs
Range =
Prominence = 191 m
Parent peak = Beacon Batch
Coordinates =
Topographic
OS "Landranger" 197
First ascent =
Easiest route =
Grid_ref_UK = SU919296
Listing = Marilyn
Translation =
Language =
Pronunciation =

Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres (918 feet), and is second only to Leith Hill (295 metres, 968 feet) in south-east England. It is also the highest point in the South Downs National Park The pine and heather-covered slopes are owned by the National Trust, and are a favourite walking spot. Blackdown has strong literary associations with the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

Location

The great black mass of Blackdown looms over much of the Weald of West Sussex, and southwest Surrey. Geologically part of the Weald, Blackdown nevertheless lies in the Sussex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and within the proposed South Downs National Park. The hill lies about 2 km south of Haslemere, and its northern slopes in fact lie within the county of Surrey. There are no villages on Blackdown, but Fernhurst is just to the southwest, and Lurgashall to the southeast. There are National Trust car parks on Tennyson's Lane, which runs up Haste Hill from Haslemere,and a footpath from the town centre. It is also possible to walk to Blackdown from Lurgashall, although this means walking up the steep southern escarpment. Blackdown is crossed by the Sussex Border Path.

The secluded sunken lane that runs from Haslemere past Aldworth is named Tennyson's Lane in memory of the poet. It is little changed from Arthur Paterson's description in 1905:

Trees meet overhead, copsewood surrounds it, and later, it is hedged by high sandy banks thickly overgrown with plant and scrub; squirrels and rabbits, and all other small woodland creatures, disport themselves over it. It twists and turns, and to the stranger appears to lead nowhere in particular.

Natural history

The acid sandstone of Blackdown limits the range of plants. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Blackdown was a grazed common. Trees were kept down by sheep, and heather dominated. Since the end of regular grazing, Scots Pine has become the dominant plant. The National Trust carries out a programme of tree-felling and controlled burning to maintain some areas of open heath. Blackdown is an important habitat for insects and birds.

A geological relief model of Blackdown, and much information on its natural history, can be found in the Haslemere Educational Museum.

History

Although common land, Blackdown was the property of various landowners until W. E. Hunter donated it to the National Trust in 1948, as a memorial to his wife. The Hunters are remembered by an inscribed stone seat at the Temple of the Winds. Flint artefacts show there has been settlement on Blackdown since the mesolithic period, around 6000BC. The name of an ancient track, pen-y-bos, indicates links with the Celtic world long since lost in more accessible parts of south-east England. (The name "pen-y-bos" comes from the Brythonic language of the ancient Britons that lived in the area - rather like the well-known "pen-y-ghent" in Yorkshire.) Blackdown is managed by the National Trust, with guidance and financial assistance from the Blackdown Committee of the National Trust.

As well as Aldworth House (just visible from the footpath leading down to Roundhurst) and Foxholes (which together formed the estate of Alfred Lord Tennyson), a number of other interesting private houses will be passed by walkers. These include Blackdown House, to the west, surrounded by daffodils in the spring, and Old Manor Farm (previously Upper Roundhurst Farm) on Tennyson's Lane.

Because of its elevation, from 1796 to 1816 Blackdown hosted a station in the shutter telegraph chain which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in Portsmouth.

Lord Tennyson

and is built of local sandstone. It stands on a ridge overlooking the Weald, with magnificent views. Lord Tennyson used Aldworth as his summer residence, taking long walks over Blackdown. He died in the house on 6 October 1892.

Helen Allingham was a frequent visitor to Aldworth in Tennyson's time, and her charming illustrations to "The homes of Tennyson" vividly capture the landscape of Blackdown.

Attractions

Despite some air noise from (high) planes climbing westwards from Gatwick, Blackdown is an exceptionally tranquil, wild and beautiful place. There are superb views over the Weald from the Temple of the Winds, at the southern end of Blackdown. The English Channel can be seen on a clear day through the River Arun gap in the South Downs. The dry, sandy paths of Blackdown are ideal for children. In the autumn bilberries and blackberries can be picked.

Blackdown air crash

In November 1967 a passenger jet bound for London's Heathrow airport crashed into the southern slopes of Blackdown, resulting in the tragic death of all 30 passengers and 7 crew on board.

At about 10.02 p.m. on Saturday, 4th November, 1967, a Caravelle Airliner No. EC-BDD, owned by Iberia Airlines of Spain, crashed; the aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Malaga, Spain, to Heathrow Airport, and was piloted by Captain Harnando Maura. It then broke through a large hedge and parts of the aircraft fell off destroying a garage, and damaging parts of the roof of Upper Black Down House as the aircraft disintegrated.

The victims on the scheduled flight, Iberia 062, were the all-Spanish crew, and the passengers comprising 25 British, mostly returning from holiday in Spain, 2 Americans, 2 Spaniards and 2 Australians. The British actress June Thorburn who was pregnant was amongst the passengers.

References

*cite book | author=Paterson, Arthur and Helen Allingham | year=1905 | title=The homes of Tennyson | publisher=A&C Black | location=London
*cite book | author=Blackdown Committee, National Trust | year=n.d. (1980s) | title=Blackdown and Marley Common

Further reading

*cite book | author=Trotter, Wilfred Robert | year=2003 | title=The hilltop writers | edition=Second edition | publisher=John Owen Smith | location=Grayshott | id=ISBN 1-873855-31-1 Well-written book on the many writers (including Tennyson) who settled around Haslemere after the coming of the railway in 1859.

External links

*
*
* [http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-global/w-localtoyou/w-south_east/w-south_east-countryside/w-south_east-places-west_weald/w-south_east-places-west_weald-black_down.htm National Trust: Black Down, Marley Common & Hunter Basecamp]
* [http://www.haslemeremuseum.co.uk/ Haslemere Educational Museum]
* [http://www.fernhurstsociety.org.uk/caravelle.html Fernhurst Society Blackdown Air Crash]
* [http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=11041967&reg=EC-BDD&airline=Iberia Iberia crash record at airdisaster.com]

* [http://www.free-map.org.uk/ Freemap] has maps of footpaths in the Blackdown area, including routes from Haslemere and Fernhurst.