Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge

Warbox


caption=Japanese Renault tank in Manchuria after the Mukden Incident
conflict=Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge
partof=Second Sino-Japanese War
date= November 4, 1931
place=Vicinity of Nen River bridge south of Qiqihar
result= Japanese Victory
combatant1=flagicon|Japan Imperial Japanese Army, Empire of Japan
combatant2=flagicon|Republic of China National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China
commander1= Major General Shogo Hasebe
commander2= flagicon|Republic of China Ma Zhanshan
strength1= 800
strength2= 2,500
casualties1= 15 Japanese
casualties2= 120 Chinese

The Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge was a small battle fought between forces of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army against the Imperial Japanese Army and collaborationist forces, after the Mukden Incident during the Invasion of Manchuria at the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War. It marked the start of the Jiangqiao Campaign.

Background

In November 1931, the acting governor of Heilongjiang province General Ma Zhanshan chose to disobey the Kuomintang government's ban on further resistance to the Japanese invasion and attempted to prevent Japanese forces from crossing into Heilongjiang province by defending a strategic railway bridge across the Nen River near Jiangqiao. This bridge had been dynamited earlier by Ma's forces during the fighting against the pro-Japanese collaborationist forces of General Chang Hai-Peng.

A repair crew, guarded by 800 Japanese soldiers, went to work on 4 November 1931. Nearby were 2,500 Chinese troops under General Ma Zhanshan. Each side charged the other with opening fire without provocation. The Japanese claimed the Chinese opened fire using rifles and machine guns late in the day during a fog when Japanese troops started across the span. The Japanese retaliated and the skirmish continued for over three hours. Only 15 Japanese were reported killed and 120 Chinese, as the Japanese advanced and drove General Ma's remaining troops off toward Qiqihar.

Later General Ma Zhanshan returned to counterattack with a much larger force. Although dislodging the Japanese from their advance positions, he was unable to recapture the bridge, which the Japanese continued to repair. Ma was eventually forced to withdraw his troops in the face of Japanese tanks and artillery.

Consequences

The repaired bridge made possible the further advance of Japanese forces and their armored trains.

Despite his failure to hold the bridge, General Ma Zhanshan became a national hero in China for his resistance at Nenjiang Bridge, which was widely reported in the Chinese and international press. The publicity inspired more volunteers to enlist in the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies. Although often led by army officers and with numbers of former regular troops among their ranks, most volunteers had no previous military experience. These irregular armies were to later become the main anti-Japanese force in northeast China during 1932 and posed a serious obstacle to Japanese attempts to pacify the country.

ee also

*Jiangqiao Campaign
*Invasion of Manchuria

References

*cite book
last = Coogan
first = Anthony
coauthors =
year = 1994
title = Northeast China and the Origins of the Anti-Japanese United Front
publisher = Sage Publications
location = Modern China, Vol. 20, No. 3 (Jul., 1994), pp. 282-314
id =
*cite book
last = Matsusaka
first = Yoshihisa Tak
coauthors =
year = 2003
title = The Making of Japanese Manchuria, 1904-1932
publisher = Harvard University Asia Center
location =
id = ISBN: 0674012062

External links

* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742607,00.html Two War Lords, TIME Magazine, Nov. 16, 1931]
* [http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:pzLfqsi7PGYJ:www.probaseballarchive.com/Newspapers/na0002/21733/196937.html+%22Nonni+River+Bridge%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=5 NONNI RIVER BRIDGE]
* [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst;jsessionid=G6yQxGynz1R7mnJgL5fJcPfbLTnRjLWgH21DMHpVJCNCpZYNBs4b!655935560!290617960?a=o&d=5000186948 The volunteer armies of northeast China]