Abies sibirica

Taxobox
name = Siberian Fir
status = LR/lc
status_system = iucn2.3
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Pinophyta
classis = Pinopsida
ordo = Pinales
familia = Pinaceae
genus = "Abies"
species = "A. sibirica"
binomial = "Abies sibirica"
binomial_authority = Ledeb.

Siberian Fir ("Abies sibirica") is a coniferous evergreen tree native to the taiga east of the Volga River and south of 67°40' North latitude through Turkestan, northeast Xinjiang, Mongolia and Heilongjiang. The tree lives in the cold boreal climate on moist soils in mountains or river basins at elevations of 1900-2400 m. It is very shade-tolerant, frost-resistant, and hardy, surviving temperatures down to −50 °C. It rarely lives over 200 years due to the susceptibility to fungal decay in the wood.

Siberian Fir grows 30-35 m tall with a trunk diameter of 0.5-1 m at breast height and a conical crown. The bark is grey-green to grey-brown and smooth with resin blisters typical of most firs. Shoots are yellow-grey, resinous, and slightly pubescent. The leaves are needle-like, 2-3 cm long and 1.5 mm broad on average. They are light green above with two grey-white stomatal bands underneath, and are directed upwards along the stem. They are soft, flattened, and strongly aromatic. The cones are cylindrical, 5-9.5 cm long and 2.5-3.5 cm broad, with small bracts hidden by the scales. They ripen from bluish to brown or dark brown in mid-autumn. The seeds, 7 mm long with a triangular wing 0.7-1.3 cm long, are released when the cone disintegrates after maturity.

There are two varieties:
*"Abies sibirica" var. "sibirica". Described above.
*"Abies sibirica" var. "semenovii" (B. Fedtschenko) Farjon. Endemic in Kyrgyzstan. Branchlets noticeably ridged and grooved. Resin canals marginal. Cones yellow-brown, with broader bracts than those of var. "sibirica".

Essential oils extracted from the leaves are used in aromatherapy and perfumes. The wood is soft, lightweight, and weak. It is used in construction, furniture, and wood pulp.

References

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External links

* [http://www.conifers.org/pi/ab/sibirica.htm Gymnosperm Database]
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200005261 Flora of China]
* [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Abies+sibirica Plants For A Future]