- Tsarevets
Tsarevets (Bulgarian: Царевец) is a mediaeval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in
Veliko Tarnovo in northernBulgaria . It served as theSecond Bulgarian Empire 's primary fortress and strongest bulwark from 1185 to 1393, housing the royal and the patriarchal palaces, and is a popular tourist attraction. [cite web
url=http://www.picturesofbulgaria.com/article/tsarevets_archaeological_reserve.html
title=Sightseeing: Tsarevets Archaeological Reserve
publisher=
accessdate=2007-02-12]History
The earliest evidence of human presence on the hill dates from the
2nd millennium BC . It was settled in the 4th century and a Byzantine fortress was constructed near the end of the 5th century, on the grounds of which the construction of the Bulgarian stronghold was begun in 12th century. After theVlach-Bulgarian Rebellion and the establishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire with its capital in Veliko Tarnovo, the fortress became the most important one in Bulgaria, often compared withRome andConstantinople in magnificence. In 1393, the stronghold was besieged by Ottoman forces for three months before finally being conquered and burnt down on17 July , which marked the fall of the Bulgarian Empire.The restoration of the complex began in 1930, when the first of the three gates of the main entrance to the fortress was reconstructed.
Complex
The whole stronghold is girdled by thick walls (reaching up to 3,6 m) and was served by three gates. The main gate was at the hill's westernmost part, on a narrow rock massif, and featured a draw-bridge. The second gate is 18 m away from the first one and the third one, which existed until 1889, is 45 m further.
The palace is located on the hill's central and plain part, which was a closed complex encircled by a fortified wall, 2 towers and 2 entrances, a main one from the north and one from the south. It featured a
throne room , a palace church and a royal residential part and encompassed 4872 m².On the top of the hill is the patriarchate, a complex with an area of about 3000 m², whose church, built on the grounds of an
Early Christian one, was reconstructed in 1981 and painted in 1985. The frescoes inside depict the glorious and tragic moments of the Second Bulgarian Empire.Baldwin's Tower (Балдуинова кула), a modern reconstruction of a medieval tower modelled after the tower in Cherven and built in 1930, is located in the southeastern part of the fortress. It is located at the place of the original medieval tower where
Latin Emperor Baldwin I of Constantinople found his death as a prisoner ofKaloyan of Bulgaria .During the
Middle Ages , residential buildings, craftsman's workshops and numerous churches and monasteries were situated on the slopes of the Tsarevets hill. Archaeologists have discovered 400 residential buildings, differentiated in quarters, over 22 churches and 4 monasteries.Audiovisual show
The Sound and Light (Звук и светлина, "Zvuk i svetlina") audiovisual show is an attraction carried out in the evening that uses three
laser s, variegated lights, dramatic music and church bells to tell the story of the fall of Tarnovo to the Ottomans, as well as other key moments of thehistory of Bulgaria . The large-scale show has been organized at Tsarevets since 1985, when the 800-year anniversary of the Uprising of Asen and Peter was celebrated. It was designed and planned by a Bulgarian-Czechoslovak team led by Valo Radev and Jaromir Hnik.Notes
External links
* [http://www.veliko-tarnovo.net/index.php?page=dir&dir_id=1&subdir=2&content=3 Tsarevets at the official website of Veliko Tarnovo]
* [http://www.veliko-turnovo.com/hiking/hill/hill.htm Another informational web page]
* [http://www.bgglobe.net/index.php?l=0&s=-431 BGGlobe page on Tsarevets]
* [http://zvukisvetlina.veliko.info/ "Sound and Light" show fansite]
* [http://www.velikoturnovo.info/id-22/sound_and_light_show.html The show at VelikoTurnovo.info]
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