Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann

Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann (31 August 1777 in Braunschweig – 25 January 1831 in Braunschweig) was a German writer. He is generally agreed to be the author of the 1804 novel "Nachtwachen" (Nightwatches) under the pseudonym Bonaventura.

Life

As a young boy, Klingemann developed an interest in the theatre which would last his whole life. After he completed his education at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig, he went to Jena in 1798 to study law and philosophy . There he heard lectures by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling and August Wilhelm Schlegel and became friends with Clemens Brentano. However, in 1801 he left Jena and returned to Braunschweig, where he became editor of "Zeitung für die elegante Welt" (Newspaper for the Elegant World).

In 1810 Klingemann married Elise Anschuetz, an actress. In 1818 he became the director of the Braunschweiger Theatre. Under Klingemann the Braunschweiger theatre soon acquired a good reputation. It was here that the first staging of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust (Part 1) was staged on 19 January 1829. In the same year Klingemann accepts a professorship at his old school, the Collegium Carolinum but only one year later he was once again the director at the theatre.

In 1831 Ernst August Friedrich Klingemann died. He is buried in the Magni cemetery in Braunschweig.

Controversy of Nachtwachen Authorship

The authorship of "Nachtwachen" was (and is) disputed. It has been attributed to, among others, Clemens Brentano, Friedrich Schlegel, Karoline Schelling and Karl Friedrich Gottlob Wetzel. Jean Paul, was of the opinion that Friedrich Schelling was the author, having noticed some similarities with his "Gianozzo". Scholars today however are in general agreement that Bonaventura was Klingemann.

Works

Klingemann wrote many novels and dramas, which are written in the spirit of the romance and enjoyed large popularity at that time.

Novels

*"Wildgraf Eckard von der Wölpe" (1795)
*"Die Ruinen im Schwarzwalde" (The Ruins in the Black Forest) (1797-1799)
*"Romano" (1800-1801)
*"Albano, der Lautenspieler" (1803)
*"Die Lazzaroni" (1803)
*"Nachtwachen. Von Bonaventura" (1804)

Plays

*"Die Asseburg. Historisch-romantisches Gemählde" (1796/1797)
*"Die Maske" (The Mask) (1797)
*"Selbstgefühl" (1800)
*"Freimüthigkeiten" (1804)
*"Der Schweizerbund" (The Swiss Federation) (1804-1805)
*"Der Lazzaroni oder Der Bettler von Neapel" (The Beggar of Nepal) (1806)
*"Heinrich von Wolfenschießen" (1806)
*"Columbus" (1808)
*"Heinrich der Löwe" (Heinrich the Lion) (1808)
*"Schill oder Das Deklamatorium zu Krähwinkel" (1812)
*"Moses. A dramatic Poem. " (1812)
*"Faust" (1815)
*"Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. Dramatic Play with Singing." (1815)
*"Deutsche Treue" (German Loyalty) (1816)
*"Die Grube zur Dorothea" (1817)
*"Das Kreuz im Norden" (The Cross in the North) (1818)
*"Ahasver" (1827)
*"Melpomene (2 Dramas: The Bride of Kynast; Bianca di Sepolcro) (1830)

External links

* [http://www.braunschweig2010.de/bs2010/aktuelles/sp_auto_14340.html Biography (in German)]
* [http://www.romantik.litera-tor.com/texte/kling_nachtwache01.html "Nachtwachen" Full text (in German)]
* [http://www.gasl.org/refbib/Bonaventura__Nachtwachen.pdf Nachtwachen (PDF)]
* [http://www.biblio.tu-bs.de/ausstellungen/faust.html Information on the staging of Faust (in German)]
* [http://www.gettextbooks.com/isbn_0820441104.html Overview of "A Guide to Bonaventura's Nightwatches" by Linde Katritzky]