Kulap Saipradit

Kulap Saipradit ( _th. กุหลาบ สายประดิษฐ์, pen name Siburapha (ศรีบูรพา), 31 March 1905 – 16 June 1974) was a newspaper editor and one of the foremost Thai novelists of his time. He was a vocal activist for human rights and because of this, he ran afoul of the authorities and was jailed for more than four years. He spent the last 16 years of his life in exile in China.

Biography

Education and early career

Born in Bangkok, Kulap studied at Thepsirin, a school for students from wealthier families.

In 1928, he wrote three novels. Two of them, "A Real Man" ("Luuk Phuu Chai") and "The War of Life" ("Songkram Jiwit"), stood out. By 1929, Kulap had gathered his friends into a publishing group known as Suphapburut ("The Gentlemen"). Under Kulap's leadership, the group went into journalism.

In 1934, Kulap spent three months in retreat as a Buddhist monk. He wrote a religious novel, "Facing Sin" ("Phajon Barb"). The following year, he married Chanid Priyacharnkun. She later became the translator of three of Jane Austen's novels under the pen name "Juliet", and helped him to translate "Pool" by Somerset Maugham as well as Anton Chekhov's "In Exile" and Maxim Gorky's "Mother".

In early 1936, Kulap was forced to resign from his work as a journalist. Late that year, he went to study in Japan, and upon his return, he wrote "The Jungle of Life" ("Pa Nai Chiwit"), and his romantic masterpiece "Behind the Painting" ("Khang Lang Phap"). Both stories were serialised in 1937. "Behind the Painting" was adapted as a film twice, in 1985 by director Piak Poster and in 2001 by director Cherd Songsri.

In 1939, Kulap began writing journalistic articles again. He and his group re-started Suphapburut, which had been closed earlier. In 1944 and 1945, Kulap was elected president of the Thai Newspaper Association. In late 1947, he and his wife Chanid left Thailand for two years, and travelled to Australia where he studied political science. On his return, he started a publishing house to publish his own works and those of his friends' in cheap editions. He also wrote several books, including "Till We Meet Again" ("Chon Kwa Rao Cha Phop Kan Ik").

Jailed, exile

In 1951, during the second premiership of dictatorial Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsonggram, Kulap set up the Peace Foundation of Thailand. The following year, he protested against the Korean War. He also demanded the lifting of press censorship. When he went to distribute food and blankets to the needy in Northeast Thailand, he was among more than one hundred "agitators" arrested on 10 November 1952. Accused of treason and sentenced to about 14 years in jail, he was freed in February 1957 to celebrate the advent of the 25th Buddhist century. During his years in jail, Kulap wrote the first two volumes of an unfinished trilogy "Looking Ahead" ("Lae Pai Khang Na").

In 1958, Kulap headed a delegation of writers to China. While he was attending an Afro-Asian Writers' Conference in Tashkent, there was a coup in Thailand and all members of Kulap's delegation were arrested and jailed on their return. Faced with the same fate, Kulap chose to remain in China where he led the life of a "democratic personality" in exile. He lectured on Thai literature at Peking University. He also contributed to the Afro-Asian Solidarity Front's cultural activities and to the Thai service of China's broadcasting radio. He died in China of complications resulting from pleurisy on 16 June 1974.

Kulap is survived by Chanid, and their son, Surapan. Surapan Saipradit is married to Wanee, the daughter of Pridi Phanomyong and Poonsuk Phanomyong. Kulap's 100th Centenary Celebration, organised by the Thai Writers' Association and the Thai National Commission for UNESCO, was held in Bangkok from 14 to 15 December 2005.

Partial list of works

Novels

* "Chao Hua Chai" (จ้าวหัวใจ; 1924)
* "Khom Sawat Bat Chit" (คมสวาทบาดจิต; 1924)
* "Luk Phu Chai" (ลูกผู้ชาย; 1928)
* "Prap Phayot" (ปราบพยศ; 1928)
* "Man Manut" (มารมนุษย์; 1928)
* "Lok Sanniwat" (โลกสันนิวาส; 1928)
* "Huachai Pratthana" (หัวใจปรารถนา; 1928)
* "Amnat Chai" (อำนาจใจ; 1930)
* "San Rak San Khaen" (แสนรักแสนแค้น; 1930)
* "Songkhram Chiwit" (สงครามชีวิต; 1932; based on Dostoyevsky's "Бедные люди" ["Poor Folk"] )
* "Phachon Bap" (ผจญบาป; 1934)
* "Sing Thi Chiwit Tongkan" (สิ่งที่ชีวิตต้องการ; serialized 1935, compiled 1939)
* "Khang Lang Phap" (ข้างหลังภาพ; 1937)
** Translated as "Behind the Painting" by David Smyth in 1990.
* "Pa Nai Chiwit' (ป่าในชีวิต; serialized 1937-1938, compiled 1988)
* "Chon Kwa Rao Ja Phop Kan Ik" (จนกว่าเราจะพบกันอีก; 1950)
* "Lae Pai Khang Na" (แลไปข้างหน้า; two volumes, 1955 and 1957, first published together in 1975)

Collected short stories

* "Kham Khan Rap" (คำขานรับ)
* "Kho Raeng Noi Thoe" (ขอแรงหน่อยเถอะ)

Poetry

* "Atchayakon Phu Ploi Nok Phirap" (อาชญากรผู้ปล่อยนกพิราบ)
* "Phalang Prachachon" (พลังประชาชน)

Non-fiction

* "Khaphachao Dai Hen Ma" (ข้าพเจ้าได้เห็นมา; 1931)
* "Kan Mueang Khong Prachachon" (การเมืองของประชาชน; 1957, under the pen name "Itsarachon" [อิสสรชน] )
* "Pai Sahaphap Sowiat" (ไปสหภาพโซเวียต; 1958)
* "Manutsayaphap" (มนุษยภาพ)
* "Bueang Lang Kan Patiwat 2475" (เบื้องหลังการปฏิวัติ ๒๔๗๕)
* "Du Nak Sueksa Mo Tho Ko Duay Waen Khao" (ดูนักศึกษา ม.ธ.ก. ด้วยแว่นขาว)

Translations

* "Pool" by Somerset Maugham, translated as "Sa Sawat" (สระสวาท)
* "In Exile" by Anton Chekhov, translated as "Khao Thuk Bangkhap Hai Pen Khun Chon" (เขาถูกบังคับให้เป็นขุนโจร)
* "Mother" by Maxim Gorky, translated as "Mae" (แม่)

Persondata
NAME=Kulap Saipradit
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Siburapha
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Thai novelist
DATE OF BIRTH=31 March 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH=Bangkok, Thailand
DATE OF DEATH=16 June 1974
PLACE OF DEATH=China