If Not Now, When?

Infobox Book
name = If Not Now, When?
title_orig = Se non ora, quando?
translator = William Weaver


image_caption = Paperback cover - published by Penguin.
author = Primo Levi
illustrator =
country = United Kingdom
publisher = Penguin
release_date = 1986
media_type = Print (Hardcover) and (Paperback)
pages = 331
isbn = ISBN 0-14-118390-X

If Not Now, When? is a novel by the Italian author Primo Levi, first published in 1982 under the title "Se non ora, quando?"

Plot

The story follows a number of Jewish partisans and resistance fighters as they struggle to survive and sabotage the German war machine behind Nazi lines during World War II, starting in eastern Russia and ending in Milan.

The book's chief protagonist, Mendel Nachmanovich Dajcher, worked as a watch repairer before joining the Red Army, where he fought in the artillery. While he is at war, his wife and shtetl are massacred by a German Einsatzgruppe. In the midst of battle, he loses his regiment, becomes disoriented and is overtaken by the front, separated from and unsupported by Soviet forces.

His life thereafter is an odyssey through the "partisanka", the motley partisan movement, which includes Russians, Jews, Lithuanians and Poles. About halfway through the book, Mendel and his companion from the first chapter, Leonid, fall in with a group of Jewish resistance fighters called the gedalistas, after their leader: Gedale.

With them, Mendel traverses Poland and, overtaken by the victorious Soviets, enters defeated Germany. From there, the group aims for Italy, dreaming of making the aliyah to Palestine to take part in the Zionist project of reclaiming a Jewish homeland.

Reception

"If Not Now, When?" won the Campiello and Viareggio prizes the year of its publication, and has been called Levi's one, real novel.

Background

In his nonfiction, Levi described himself as a largely ineffectual partisan. He joined a group of inexperienced resistance fighters near Turin, was captured shortly thereafter, and soon sent to Auschwitz.