Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle

Infobox Weapon
name=Bushmaster


caption=A Bushmaster with the Australian Al Muthanna Task Group in Iraq
origin=AUS
type=MRAP Cat. II
service= 1998 - Present
used_by=Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Netherlands Army, South Australian Forestry Corporation
wars= Iraq War, Afghanistan, East Timor
designer= Australian Defence Industries
design_date=
manufacturer= Perry Engineering
unit_cost= A$562,878-A$589,182
production_date= 2004-present
number= ~750
variants=
is_vehicle=yes
length=7.18 m
width=2.48 m
height=2.65 m
weight=12.4 tonnes (empty)
suspension=4x4 double wishbone independent
speed=Over 100 km/h
vehicle_range=800km
primary_armament=Gun ring for 5.56mm and 7.62mm machine guns or a remote weapon station
secondary_armament=Two additional weapon mounts
armour='exceeds STANAG 4569 level 1', Monocoque hull
engine=Caterpillar 3126E engine
crew=1 (plus up to 9 passengers)
engine_power= 330 hp (246 kW)
pw_ratio= 26.4 hp/tonne

The Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle or Infantry Mobility Vehicle is an Australian-built wheeled armoured vehicle. It was originally designed by Perry Engineering in Adelaide with some technical support from Irish company Timoney Technology Ltd. The prototype, the basic design and the tender were acquired by Thales Australia, as Perry Engineering considered it non-core business. Once the Bushmaster was selected by the Australian Army after trials in 1998 to meet the Bushranger project requirements, the range of variants was developed further by Thales Australia in Bendigo. Oshkosh Truck has a contract to provide support and would manufacture in the US if there was an American order. The Bushmaster is currently in service with the Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Netherlands Army and British Army.

Design

The role of the Bushmaster is to provide armoured transport, with infantry dismounting from the vehicle before going into action. As the Bushmaster is only lightly armoured, the term Infantry Mobility Vehicle (IMV) distinguishes it from a heavier wheeled or tracked armoured personnel carrier, such as the Pandur wheeled armour vehicle.

The Bushmaster is optimised for operations in northern Australia, and is capable of carrying up to 10 soldiers and their equipment, fuel and supplies for 3 days, depending on the type of variant. The vehicle is fitted with air conditioning and was once planned to have a cool water drinking system but was omitted upon production due to cost constraints. After operational complaints the cool water drinking system is being reconsidered for installation. [ [http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20776995-5002142,00.html Bendigo's companion for the battlefield] , The Australian, 25 November 2006.]

The troop carrier variant of the Bushmaster is fitted with one gun ring. The forward gun ring can be fitted with a 5.56 or 7.62 machine gun. The two rear hatches each have a mounting boss to allow the attachment of a swing mount capable to holding a 5.56 machine gun.

The Bushmaster is a mine protected vehicle and provides a high degree of protection against land mines, using its v-hull monocoque to deflect the blast away from the vehicle and its occupants. The vehicle's armour provides protection against small arms of up to 7.62mm calibre.

The Bushmaster is air transportable in C-130 Hercules and C-17 Globemaster III aircraft.

Variants

Six Bushmaster variants are in production for the Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force. These variants are:
* Troop variant
* Command variant
* Assault Pioneer variant
* Mortar variant
* Direct Fire Weapons variant
* Ambulance variant

The Troop variant being used by the Royal Australian Air Force originally differed from the Army variant in that it was fitted with 10 seats for infantry and a third weapon mount. [" [http://www.defence.gov.au/news/raafnews/editions/4812/topstories/story03.htm Beefing up Security] " Air Force News, July 13, 2006.] All Troop variants are now fitted with 10 seats.

Thales Australia has developed a civilian fire fighting variant of the Bushmaster called the FireKing and a military cargo carrying variant called the Armoured Combat Support Vehicle. [ADI Limited. [http://www.adi-limited.com/pdfs/ADI1457_ADI_Pursuit_66.pdf Pursuit. Issue 66.] ] . Thales Australia is continuing to develop new Bushmaster variants for example the Copperhead ACSV (Armoured Combat Support Vehicle).

According to the Australian National Audit Office, unit price for Bushmasters in 2000 differed slightly between variants, ranging from A$562,878 for the troop carrier variant and A$589,182 for the ambulance variant.Australian National Audit Office "cite web |url=http://www.anao.gov.au/WebSite.nsf/Publications/C96AAB7803272D56CA256EC200793001 |title= Defence's Project Bushranger: Acquisition of Infantry Mobility Vehicles |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060917202519/http://anao.gov.au/WebSite.nsf/Publications/C96AAB7803272D56CA256EC200793001 |archivedate=2006-09-17"]

The Bushmaster in Australian service

In keeping with the vehicle's role and capabilities, the Australian Army designates Bushmaster equipped infantry units as being motorised, and not mechanised. Following the vehicle's troubled development, a total of 299 Bushmasters were ordered by the Wheeled Manoeuvre Systems Program Office of the Defence Materiel Organisation for the Australian Defence Force (reduced from the 370 which were originally ordered).Brian Robins and Gerard Ryle " [http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/04/30/1083224588538.html Beating about the Bushmaster] " in The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 May 2004.] Bushmaster deliveries began in 2005 (three years later than was originally scheduled) and were scheduled to be completed in July 2007. Deliveries of the troop carrier variant (152 vehicles) were completed on 7 June 2006. [Press release issued by the Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence " [http://www.defence.gov.au/minister/Billsontpl.cfm?CurrentId=5713 Handover of Bushmaster Vehicle to Defence] ", 7 June 2006.] Deliveries of the command variant are expected were completed by mid-2006 followed by the delivery of the other variants.

In December 2006 the Australian Minister for Defence announced that the Australian Bushmaster order has been increased and over 400 vehicles will be delivered. [Press release issued by the Minister for Defence " [http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=6230 A Stronger Army: The First Stage Approved] ", 7 December 2006.] This figure was confirmed as 443 vehicles in a subsequent press release. [Press release issued by the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence " [http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/Lindsaytpl.cfm?CurrentId=6402 Issue of Bushmaster Vehicles to Army - 3rd Brigade] ", 23 February 2007.] In August 2007 an additional 250 were ordered for a total ADF delivery of 696 vehicles of all configurations. [Newspaper report " [http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/ADF-to-acquire-another-250-Bushmasters/2007/08/18/1186857818096.html] ", 18 August 2007.]

The Australian Defence Force's original order of Bushmasters was broken down into the following configurations. ['Bushmaster Variants Begin Production' in "Australian and NZ Defender". No. 55 Spring 2006. Page 57.]
* 152 troop vehicles
* 72 command vehicles
* 21 assault pioneer vehicles
* 23 mortar vehicles
* 23 direct fire weapons vehicles
* 14 ambulance vehicles

The South Australian Forestry Corporation (ForestrySA) has ordered 15 FireKings. Deliveries of the FireKing to ForestrySA were completed in November 2005. [South Australian Minister for Forrests media release " [http://www.forestry.sa.gov.au/MediaReleases/final_FireKing.pdf FireKing Fleet in Place for Fire Season] " 24 November 2005.]

Units to operate the Bushmaster

The majority of Australia's Bushmasters are to be allocated to the Army, though 12 are operated by the Royal Australian Air Force's Airfield Defence Guards.

The Bushmaster will be operated by the following Army units:
* B Squadron, 3rd/4th Cavalry Regiment, (3 Brigade) [cite news|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1138/topstories/story16.htm|title=Old faithful set to retire|last=Green|first=Al|date=2006-03-08|publisher=Army|accessdate=2008-09-30]
* 5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (support elements only), (1 Brigade)
* 7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (support elements only), (1 Brigade)
* 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, (7 Brigade)
* 8th/9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (7 Brigade) [cite journal|date=2008|title=8/9 RAR Combat Team Deployable in Late 2009|journal=Australian & NZ Defender|publisher=Fullbore Magazines|location=Brisbane|issue=No. 63|pages=p.55|issn=1322039X]
* 7th Combat Service Support Battalion, (7 Brigade)
* 12th/16th Hunter River Lancers (one squadron), (Army Reserve unit) [cite news|url=http://tamworth.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/changing-of-the-guard-hanna-leaves-hrl-in-good-hands/1284946.aspx|title=Changing of the guard: Hanna leaves HRL in good hands|last=Belt|first=Rebecca|date=2008-09-29|publisher=Northern Daily Leader|accessdate=2008-09-30]
* Combat Arms Training Centre
* Army Logistic Training Centre

The 8th/9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment is to receive the extra Bushmasters ordered in December 2006 after raising in 2008. [ " [http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=6230 A Stronger Army: The First Stage Approved] ", 7 December 2006.]

The Bushmaster is also operated by both the RAAF's Airfield Defence Squadrons [cite web|url=http://airforce.gov.au/adg/vehicles/bushmaster.htm|title=ADG Bushmaster infantry mobility vehicle|publisher=Royal Australian Air Force|accessdate=2008-09-30]
* No. 1 Airfield Defence Squadron
* No. 2 Airfield Defence Squadron

Each ADS is equipped with six Bushmasters

The Motorised Combat Wing of the Army's Combat Arms Training Centre provides initial training to Army and Air Force Bushmaster drivers. Maintenance training is provided by the Army Logistic Training Centre.

Operational record

To date, Australia's Bushmasters have been deployed on five operations:
* Two prototypes were deployed to East Timor in 1999 for trials and VIP protection.
* Ten Bushmasters were deployed to Iraq with the Al Muthanna Task Group in May 2005. This force has been redesignated Overwatch Battle Group (West) and operated 19 Bushmasters in September 2006. [Australian Minister for Defence media release " [http://www.minister.defence.gov.au/NelsonMintpl.cfm?CurrentId=5977 Additional Troops for Operation Overwatch] ". 4 September 2004.]
* A small number of Bushmasters have been attached to the Australian Special Forces Task Group in Afghanistan since its re-deployment in September 2005.
* A Company, 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment was equipped with Bushmasters during its role as the security response force for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. [" [http://www.defence.gov.au/opacolyte/images/gallery/20060328a/index.htm Photos of 6th Battalion Royal Australian Regiment during Operation Acolyte] ". Australian Department of Defence, 28 March 2006.]
* The Reconstruction Task Force deployed to Afghanistan since August 2006 is equipped with a number of Bushmasters.

While a full independent assessment of how well the Bushmaster has performed on these deployments is not yet available, Australian Department of Defence press releases and the Army's service newspaper have stated that the vehicles have proven successful. The Bushmaster's high degree of crew and passenger comfort has apparently been particularly appreciated in Iraq. [" [http://www.defence.gov.au/news/armynews/editions/1126/topstories/story01.htm Masters of the Desert] " Army News, 11 August 2005.]

In September 2006 the Australian Department of Defence announced that it was modifying its fleet of Bushmasters in response to criticisms from Australian soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. These criticisms include concerns that the Bushmaster's gunner is exposed to enemy fire and the absence of a drinking water cooling system. [Cynthia Banham " [http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/safety-of-armoured-vehicles-under-fire/2006/09/01/1156817073178.html Safety of armoured vehicles under fire] ". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 September 2006.] The modifications will include fitting a CROWS remote weapon system to at least some Bushmasters and developing an improved water cooling system. [" [http://www.defence.gov.au/media/DepartmentalTpl.cfm?CurrentId=5972 Soldier Feedback Makes Bushmasters Even Safer] ". Department of Defence media release. 1 September 2006.] [ [http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/news/ontarget/Apr07/nb3.cfm Defence Materiel Organisation - On Target April 2007 ] ] The protected weapons stations were installed to vehicles deployed to Iraq and Afghanstan in early 2007. The installation team comprised staff from Project Bushranger and the Army and was conducted in theatre.

Exports

Thales Australia is currently marketing the Bushmaster for export. The Bushmaster has been trialed by the United Arab Emirates and exhibited in a number of trade exhibitions. The Bushmaster may also be offered to Iraq. [Army-technology.com [http://www.army-technology.com/projects/bushmaster/ Bushmaster armoured vehicle.] ] To date, the Dutch Army and British Army have been the Bushmaster's only export customers.

The Bushmaster in Dutch service

In July 2006 the Dutch Government announced an urgent purchase of 25 Bushmasters to equip Royal Netherlands Army units operating in Afghanistan. Due to the urgency of this purchase these vehicles were taken from Australian Army stocks. Additional Bushmasters will be built to replenish the Australian inventory. 23 Bushmasters were directly delivered to Dutch Army units in Afghanistan starting from 28 August. The remaining two vehicles were transported to The Netherlands to be used for training purposes. Twelve of the Bushmasters were fitted with a Thales SWARM remote weapon station before delivery. [" [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2006/08/dutch-spend-eur-25m-on-bushmaster-imvs-for-afghan-mission-updated/index.php Dutch Spend EUR 25M on Bushmaster IMVs for Afghan Mission] " Defense Industry Daily, 7 August 2006.]

July 9, 2007, Electro Optic Systems Holdings Limited was awarded a contract of $AUD 5.8 Million for the supply of remote weapon systems for use by the Netherlands army. The contract was awarded to EOS by Thales Australia for fitting to the Bushmaster Infantry Mobility Vehicles manufactured by Thales for the Netherlands army. The order entails 17 CROWS Remote Weapon Stations. It is expected that the first of these systems will be operational in theatre by August 2007. [" [http://www.eos-optronics.com/news/RemoteWeaponSystemBreakthrough.htm Remote Weapon System Breakthrough] " EOS Optronics GmbH, 13 July 2007.]

On September 20, 2007, during an engagement with the Taliban a 20-year-old Dutch soldier was killed in action. His body was evacuated in a Bushmaster which was subsequently attacked with small arms, mortars and RPGs. The vehicle was struck several times but all soldiers in the Bushmaster survived and were unhurt. Since the vehicle was immobilized and still under attack, they were forced to abandon it. Since salvage was not possible the Bushmaster was later destroyed by a Dutch Apache helicopter. The troops were transported out of danger by a second Bushmaster IMV. [" [http://www.depers.nl/binnenland/104756/Nederlander-omgekomen-in-Uruzgan.html] " Dutch newspaper article.]

On October 19, 2007 during a fire-fight between a Dutch patrol and Taliban insurgents, a Bushmaster was hit by an improvised bomb. Although none of the passengers were hurt, the bomb damaged the front of the Bushmaster. The Bushmaster has been sent to Kamp Holland (the Dutch base) for repairs. [" [http://www.mindef.nl/actueel/nieuws/2007/10/20071020_bushmaster_beschadigd.aspx] " Article on Dutch Ministry of Defence Website.]

The Netherlands has ordered additional Bushmasters on several occasions in 2007 and 2008. On November 20, 2007 the Dutch Defence Ministry announced that it would acquire an additional 10 vehicles to replace the two damaged and two destroyed vehicles and a Patria armoured vehicle which was also destroyed in Uruzgan. One vehicle will be sent to the Netherlands for training purposes, and the rest will go directly to Afghanistan. [ [http://www.mindef.nl/actueel/nieuws/2007/11/20071120_extra_bushmasters.aspx. Ministerie van defensie - Pagina niet gevonden ] ] The Dutch ordered a further 13 Bushmasters in June 2008, taking their total order to 49 vehicles. At this time six Dutch Bushmasters had been destroyed in Afghanistan. [cite news|url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3a402cc53b-4cc5-447e-a570-473bf2f9918e|title=Dutch Order More Bushmaster Vehicles -- Again|last=Lok |first=Joris Janssen|date=2008-06-14|work=Ares|publisher=Aviation Week|accessdate=2008-06-16] cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24145966-31477,00.html|title=Dutch army lines up to buy more Bushmasters for combat|last=Dodd |first=Mark|date=2008-08-08|publisher=The Australian|accessdate=2008-08-12]

Bid for US sales

Thales has teamed with US truck manufacturer Oshkosh to market the Bushmaster in the United States. In late June 2007 it was prematurely reported that the United States military was close to placing an order for 1500 vehicles as part of its MRAP program. [" [http://abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/06/29/1965632.htm US Army buys Bushmasters from Aust] ". ABC News, 29 June 2006.] This sale did not go ahead. [ [http://sunday.ninemsn.com.au/sunday/feature_stories/article_2256.asp Beating around the Bushmaster ] ] The Bushmaster was officially removed from the MRAP contest on 7 August 2007. [ [http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/mrap-oshkosh-entries-stalled-on-2-fronts-03629/ MR
] ]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom purchased 24 Bushmasters in May 2008. Most of the vehicles will be used by the British Army in Iraq. [cite news |first=Mark |last=Dodd |title=Brits buy our army vehicles |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,23695409-31477,00.html |publisher=The Australian |date=2008-05-14 |accessdate=2008-05-14 ]

pain

In August 2008 it was reported that the Spanish Government was "showing strong interest in the Bushmaster".

References

External links

* [http://www.defence.gov.au/dmo/lsd/land116/land116.cfm Project Land 116 - Bushranger] - Defence Materiel Organisation
* [http://www.adi-limited.com/2-01-010-040-030.html ADI Thales Bushmaster] - official manufacturer.
* [http://www.anao.gov.au/director/publications/auditreports/2003-2004.cfm?item_id=1EB0D9C601B11EBAD4C55D64D62D1B78 Acquisition of Infantry Mobility Vehicles] - Australian National Audit Office
*cite web |url=http://www.yaffa.com.au/defence/current/5-108.htm |title= Bushranger stands to deliver |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20061010084731/http://www.yaffa.com.au/defence/current/5-108.htm |archivedate=2006-10-10 - defence publication.
* [http://www.4wdonline.com/Mil/Aus/Bushranger.html Project Bushranger] - 4WD enthusiast site.