Bijar

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pushpin_map_caption =Location in Iran
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subdivision_name1 = Kurdistan Province
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latd=35|latm=51|lats=59|latNS=N
longd=47|longm=36|longs=31|longEW=E
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Bijar (Kurdish: بیجاڕ/Bîcar) is a city located in Kurdistan Province of Iran. Its estimated population as of 2006 is 46,156 [ [http://www.gazetteer.de/wg.php?x=1133288393&men=gcis&lng=en&gln=xx&des=gamelan&dat=200&geo=-106&srt=pnan&col=aohdqcfbeimg&pt=a&va=x&geo=-1920 World Gazetteer: Kordestān - les cités les plus importantes] ] . With an elevation of 1883.4 meters, Bijar is called the Roof of Iran.

The following units are part of Bijar: Bijar (46,156), Yasukand (3,268), Tup Agaj (2,172), Pir Taj (1,451), Cheshmeh Mantesh (1,012), Khandan Quli (1,003), Zeynal (915), Seydan (893), Khorkhoreh (872), Baba Rashani (481).

The majority of the inhabitants of Bijar are Kurds. Bijar is known internationally for its elegant and ancient carpet and rug designs. The term bijar could be a variation of bajar (i.e city in Kurdish) and the complete name of the city is Bijar-e Garrus (city of Garrus). Among other suggested etymology for bijar are bid-zar (land of willow tree) which is linguistically unlikely.

History

Historically, Bijar has been part of Garrus administration unit. Before the creation of Zanjan province by the Pahlavi regime (after WWI), the wider region of Garrus covered Suhreward, the birth place of Shahab al-Din Suhrewardi, the famous philosopher of illumination.

The city was mentioned in the 15th century as a village belonging to Shah Ismail the first ruler of the Safavid dynasty, Bijar became a town during the 19th century. During World War I it was besieged and occupied by Russian, British, and Ottoman troops [Encyclopedia Iranica]

Architecture

The historical castle of Qam Cheqay in valley of kings (45 Km of Bijar) probably dates back to the Medes era and it is the oldest castle in the Kurdistan province. The castle has been used until the Sasanid era and it is an example of archaic architecture of Kurdistan.

Another historical building, Emamzadeh Aqil, located in Hasan Abad (Yasukand) 45 Km east of Bijar is one of the remaining Saljugi buildings. The square building (6*6.5 m) with the collopsed dome has been home to Islamic religious texts written in Kufi script.

Bijar's bazar, with its unique design is one of the attractions of the city. The roofed bazar built in the Qajar era is much younger than the Safavid era old bazar of Sanadaj. The bazar of Bijar consists of a main north-south roofed pathway and an eastern section (timcheh-e Haj Shahbaz) and a western section (timcheh-e Amir Toman).

Culture

The Iranian Peyam Nur university has opened a branch in Bijar-e Garrus and the Garrus research center is affiliated with the university.

Prominent politicians and army officers in Iranian army have come from Bijar. Amir Nezam Garrusi (1820-1900) was born in Bijar to a Kabudvand family. As the colonel of Garrus regiment, he accompanied Muhammad Ali Shah's unsuccessful Harat campaign. As a diplomat in Paris, he had dinners with the Napeleon and afterwards acted as an Iranian diplomat in Istanbul in Otoman empire. General Garrusi later joined the forces for the 1880 suppresion of Kurdish uprising by the Naqshibandi Shaikh Obeidulah. He also played a negative part in murdering Cewer Agha, the predecessor of Simko, the Kurdish leader.

Dr Ramezanzadeh, the spokeman of Khatami government has family connections to Bijar. Among other political figures, one can mention a Kurdish senator in the US senate who comes from Bijar.

Mr Shahriari, a prominent Iranian TV personality comes from Bijar.

Among academic figures from Bijar are Dr Kamran Nejatollahi, a young civil engineering professor in Polytechnic university of Tehran (now Amirkabir) who was killed in 1979 in Tehran university by Savak snipers during a sit-in in Tehran university. In June 2008, 21 year old Hana Abdi, former student of Payam Nur University of Bijar , and member of women's association of AzarMerh in Kurdistan has been sentenced to a 5 year prison term. According to Mr Sharif, her attorney, Iranian revolutionary court has charged her with threat against national security. A new Cyclopamine like Alkaloids, has been discoverd by Logan Natural Products ( Anti Cancer Drug ) and named as Bijaramine. This new compounds is under research for its activities, and Logan Natural Products has patent on it ( 2/10 2007 ) Garrossian, M. et al. "Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Studies of Cyclopamine Derivatives." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18 (2008): 1359-1363..www.logannaturalproducts.com

References