Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company

The Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company was the Grand Trunk Western Railroad's (AAR reporting mark GTW) subsidiary company operating its Lake Michigan railroad car ferry operations between Muskegon, Michigan, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1905 to 1978. Major railroad companies in Michigan used car ferry vessels to transport rail cars across Lake Michigan from Michigan's western shore to eastern Wisconsin to avoid rail traffic congestion in Chicago.

History

The Canadian owned Grand Trunk's entry into car ferry operations started by signing an operating agreement with the Crosby Transportation Company which established the Grand Trunk Car Ferry Line. The new line began building docking slips in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Grand Haven, Michigan. The first ferry was the "SS Grand Haven" built in 1903 by the Craig Shipbuilding Company of Toledo, Ohio. The Grand Trunk Car Ferry Line dissolved in 1905 when it defaulted on bonds.

Grand Trunk would form its new subsidiary company, the Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company, to take over its Lake Michigan car ferry operations. The new company was incorporated in Milwaukee on November 10,1905 and would acquire the "SS Grand Haven" from its receivers. In 1933, Grand Trunk Western decided to move its Michigan docks from Grand Haven to Muskegon, Michigan. The Muskegon Rail & Navigation Co. would build and operate the rail terminal operations in Muskegon. The Grand Haven dock slip would be reserved for auxiliary or emergency use.

In 1903 Grand Trunk Western was the last of the three Michigan railroads to start Lake Michigan ferry operations, the Ann Arbor Railroad and Pere Marquette Railway began their ferry service prior to 1900. One of GTW's predecessor lines the Detroit Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway had completed building trackage to Grand Haven in 1858 and started a break-bulk service across Lake Michigan in the 1890s.

The Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Co. would exchange GTW's rail traffic in Milwaukee with the Chicago and North Western Railway, The Milwaukee Road and The Soo Line railroads.

By the 1970s the ferry service became cost prohibitive and Grand Trunk Western applied to the ICC in 1975 to abandon its car ferry service. Permission was granted three years later and in 1978 Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Co. ended operations.

hips

The original ship, the "Grand Haven", was sold, by its receivers, to the Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry Company in 1905. In 1908 the car ferry company bought the ferry "Manistique, Marquette & Northern No. 1" and renamed it the "SS Milwaukee". In the mid 1920s, the two ships were augmented by chartering ferries from the Pere Marquette and Ann Arbor lines. In 1926, the "Grand Rapids" was built in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The ship was similar to Pere Marquette Railway's car ferries the "Pere Marquette No.21" and "Pere Marquette No.22" and the Ann Arbor Railroad's "Ann Arbor No 7". Another ship, the "Madsion" was built in Manitowoc in 1927.

On October 22, 1929, the ferry "SS Milwaukee" sank. Two days later its wreckage was discovered near Racine, Wisconsin. The United States Coast Guard near South Haven, Michigan found the ship's purser’s message canister with a written note. The ship was replaced by a new ferry named "City of Milwaukee" built in 1931

The ships also had 16 cabins for passenger service. But in 1971 GTW ended its Milwaukee-Muskegon passenger service because of a lack of passengers and to save money by eliminating passenger service crew positions.

Car Ferry Fleet

*S.S. "Grand Haven", built 1903 at Toledo, Ohio
*S.S. "Milwaukee", formerly "Manistique, Marquette & Northern No. 1", built 1902 at Cleveland, Ohio (Sank near Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1929)
*S.S. "Grand Rapids", built 1926 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin
*S.S. "Madison", built 1927 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin
*S.S. "City of Milwaukee", built 1931 at Manitowoc, Wisconsin; currently docked in Manistee, Michigan

External links

* [http://www.hnsa.org/ships/com.htm HNSA Web Page: SS City of Milwaukee]
*cite web | url=http://www.trains.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/001/366uebbl.asp | title=Lake Michigan Car Ferries | author=John Kelly | publisher=Trains.com | work=Classic Trains Magazine | accessdate=2006-03-20
*cite web | url=http://www.michiganhistorymagazine.com/extra/transportation/rails/rails_across_water.html | title=Rails Across the Water | author=Paul Trapp | work=Michigan History Online | publisher=Michigan Historical Center | accessdate=2006-03-20
*cite book | title=Grand Trunk Western | first=Patrick C. | last=Dorin | year=1976 |id=ISBN 0-87564-716-2 | publisher=Superior | year=1977