- Rhos (north Wales)
Rhos means 'moor' or 'moorland' in Welsh. It is a region to the east of the
River Conwy in northWales . It started as a minor kingdom then became a medievalcantref , and was usually part of theKingdom of Gwynedd (later the region became part ofDenbighshire , thenClwyd , and is now inConwy county borough ).Kingdom: history and archaeology
Rhos is identified as a small kingdom during the sub-Roman and early medieval periods in an
Old Welsh genealogical document ‘Ancestry of the Kings and Princes of Wales’ listing thirteen of its kings (including two who are known to have ruled the wider region of Gwynedd).The most famous monarch was perhaps Cynlas Goch, the son of Owain Ddanwyn, who lived in the early
6th century and was denounced by the monk,Gildas . He wrote (inLatin ) that Cynlas was the “guider of the chariot which is the receptacle of the bear“. The latter may refer to a “Fort of the Bear”, possibly Dinerth, the name of ahillfort on Bryn Euryn inLlandrillo-yn-Rhos . The road that runs below the western side of the hill is still called Dinerth Road and Dinarth Hall is nearby.The
Gwynedd Archaeological Trust have undertaken a trial excavation of this hillfort and set up related information boards inColwyn Bay Library. Their investigations revealed a massive defensive stone wall, well built and faced with good-quality limestone blocks originally rising to about ten feet high. The ramparts were eleven and a half feet thick. These defences are unlike those ofIron Age hillforts but comparable with similarDark Age fortifications, so may represent a possible stronghold of the Kings of Rhos.Administrative unit
By the
11th century , Rhos was part of Gwynedd Is-Conwy (Gwynedd "below" the River Conwy) as an administrative unit known as acantref . Along with its three adjoining cantrefi, the area was known as Y Berfeddwlad or the 'Middle Country' lying between Gwynedd and Powys and often changing hands between those two powerful early kingdoms. With the loss of Welsh independence in1283 , Rhos became part of the lordship ofDenbigh , as granted to the EnglishEarl of Lincoln . The cantrefi were abolished in1536 with the creation of Denbighshire, but the name of Rhos survives today in places such asLlandrillo-yn-Rhos (Rhos-on-Sea ),Llanelian-yn-Rhos , and Penmaen Rhos.External links
* [http://www.castlewales.com/euryn.html In Search of Ednyfed's Castle]
* [http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/index.html Early British Kingdoms: Kings of Rhos]
* The History Files: [http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/CymruGwynedd.htm The Sub-Kingdoms of Gwynedd]
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