The Devil's Coach Horses

The Devil's Coach Horses

"The Devil's Coach Horses" is a 1925 essay by J. R. R. Tolkien ("Devil's coach-horse" is a British expression for a particular kind of rove beetle).

Tolkien draws attention to the devil's steeds called "eaueres" in "Hali Meidhad", translated "boar" in the Early English Text Society edition of 1922, but in reference to the "jumenta" "yoked team, draught horse" of Joel (bibleref|Joel|1:17), in the Vulgata Clementina "computruerunt jumenta in stercore suo" [http://www.latin-nerds.com/latin-vulgate-bible/Joel.php] (the Nova Vulgata has "semina" for Hebrew _he. פרדח "grain").

Rather than from the Old English word for "boar", "eofor" (German "Eber") Tolkien derives the word from "eafor" "packhorse", from a verb "aferian" "transport", related to Middle English "aver" "draught-horse", a word surviving in northern dialects. The Proto-Germanic root "*ab-" "energy, vigour, labour" of the word is cognate to Latin "opus".

References

*J. R. R. Tolkien, "The devil's coach-horses" in: The review of English studies : a quarterly journal of English literature and the English language vol. 1 no. 3 (July 1925), p. 331-6 (London, Sidgwick&Jackson) [http://www.tolkienbooks.net/html/1925-1937_4.htm] , reprinted 1950 [http://res.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/I/3/331] .

External links

* [http://www.jstor.org/view/00346551/ap020006/02a00050/0 jstor.org]
* [http://res.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/I/3/331.pdf Oxford reprint]


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