Horace Hart

Horace Henry Hart (1840–1916) was an English printer and biographer, best known as the author of "Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers", first issued (as a single sheet for in-house use) in 1893.

Hart was born in Suffolk in 1840; his father was a shoemaker. He was sent to the printers Woodfall & Kinder in London at the age of fourteen, and was apprenticed to the compositor’s trade two years later. He became the manager of Woodfall & Kinder by the age of twenty-six, but left to take over management of the London branch of the Edinburgh-based Ballantyne Press. He left Ballantyne Press in 1880, when he was appointed manager of the head office and main works of William Clowes & Sons, which was then the biggest printing house in Britain. He left, however, after only three years at Clowes, when vacancy for Controller of the Oxford University Press (OUP) was advertised.

Hart thus served as Printer to the University of Oxford and Controller of the University Press between 1883 and 1915. During that time, he convinced the Press to begin using wood-pulp paper, and also introduced collotype and printing by lithography. In 1896, he wrote a monograph on 'Charles, Earl Stanhope and the Oxford University Press'. In 1900, he wrote "Notes on a Century of Typography at the University Press Oxford 1693–1794". More notably, however, in 1893 he issued (as a single broadsheet page for in-house use) the first version of what became known as Hart's Rules, and it is for these that he is best remembered. Although first issued internally at the Oxford University Press in 1893, these rules had their origins in 1864, when Hart was a member of the London Association of Correctors of the Press, working for Woodfall & Kinder. With a small group of fellow members from the same printing house, he drew up a list of "rules", which was constantly updated and revised during his career at three other printing houses.

The last twenty years of Hart's life were plagued by bouts of depression and insomnia. He suffered his first nervous breakdown in 1887, followed by another in 1888. A final, severe breakdown led to his retirement from the OUP in 1915 at the age of seventy-five. The following year, he drowned himself in Youlbury Lake near Oxford, a secluded lake in the grounds of a neighbour’s garden. His gloves were folded neatly on the bank.

References

* "The Oxford Manual of Style" (OUP, 2002) Introduction
* "The Meaning of Everything" (OUP, 2003)

External links

* [http://www.ritter.org.uk/H&C/H_edns/Hart_bio.html Biography of Horace Hart]