RAF Tempsford

RAF Tempsford in Bedfordshire, England was perhaps the most secret Royal Air Force airfield in World War II. It was home to the Special Duties Squadrons, No. 138, which dropped Special Operations Executive (SOE) agents and their supplies into occupied Europe, and No. 161, which specialised in personnel delivery and retrieval by landing in occupied Europe. Adolf Hitler personally knew of the existence of an airfieldFact|date=May 2008 from which the RAF was carrying out these activities, but the Germans were never able to find its location in order to bomb it.Fact|date=May 2008

RAF Tempsford is very close to Little Gransden Airfield and can be clearly seen from flights climbing out from the westerly runway 28. Other active airfields nearby include the former RAF bases at Gransden Lodge and Bourn.

By 2002 part of the former Tempsford airfield was a concrete-making facility and some of the main airfield buildings had been turned into various commercial workshops. A nearby public footpath led to the end of a substantially intact runway and then on to Gibraltar Farm, the agents' final dispatch point. This barn contained several plaques and memorials to the agents, both men and women, who were flown from the airfield, many of whom were later killed after being captured and tortured. A memorial is also to be found in St Peter's Church, in the nearby village of Tempsford.

People

*Andrée Borrel and Lise de Baissac ("Odile"), were the first female SOE agents to be parachuted into occupied France. They flew out from RAF Tempsford on 24 September, 1942.
*Flying Officer [http://www.firebynight.co.uk/Cruwys%20-%20Mansbridge%20crew.html Gerald Cruwys] was awarded the Croix de guerre for his work with the French Resistance while at RAF Tempsford.
*Group Captain Edward 'Mouse' Fielden, Station Commander of RAF Tempsford (1942-1944) and a former royal pilot
*Air Chief Marshal Sir Lewis Macdonald Hodges was the Commander of 161 Squadron from May 1943 to 1944.
*Group Captain Percy Charles Pickard was awarded a second bar to his DSO in March 1943 for his outstanding leadership in command of 161 Squadron
*Group Captain Hugh Verity, author of "We Landed by Moonlight"
*Violette Szabo flew out on both her missions from RAF Tempsford.
*Wing Commander F. F. E. Yeo-Thomas, otherwise known as the White Rabbit, was dropped in France on 27th February 1943 having been flown out from RAF Tempsford by Pilot Officer Foster.

Operational units and aircraft

* No. 53 Squadron RAF detachment (1946) - Consolidated Liberator VI and VIII
* No. 109 Squadron RAF (1942) - Vickers Wellington I
* No. 138 Squadron RAF (1942-1944) - Handley Page Halifax II and V
* No. 149 Squadron RAF (1943-1944) - Short Stirling III
* No. 161 Squadron RAF (1942-1945) - Westland Lysander IIIA and other types
* No. 426 Squadron RCAF (1945) - Consolidated Liberator VIII
* No. 617 Squadron RAF detachment (1945) - Avro Lancaster I & III

Bibliography

* Clark, F. "Agents by Moonlight: The Secret History of RAF Tempsford during the Second World War". Stroud: Tempus Publishing Ltd., 1999.
* Clark, F. "Peter Five". Bromley: Independent Books, 1993.
* Griffiths, Frank "Winged Hours". London: William Kimber, 1981. ISBN 0-7183-0128-5.
* O'Connor, B. "Tempsford Airfield: Now the story can be told…" 1998. ISBN 1-902810-03-1
* Verity, H., "We Landed By Moonlight" (revised edition). Manchester: Crecy Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-947554-75-0.

External links

* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/s48.html MOD site for Tempsford] - Details about Tempsford on the Bomber Command section of the MOD website.
* [http://tempsford.20m.com/ Tempsford Airfield] - A non-commercial website about the secret wartime activities of this R.A.F. airfield in Bedfordshire, England
* [http://www.geocities.com/fk790/ Tempsford Special Duties Squadron] - The unofficial history of the squadrons which operated from Tempsford Airfield
* [http://www.161squadron.org/ Final Flight of Hudson FK790] - In memory of F/Lt J W Menzies DFC, his crew and agents.
* [http://www.wartimememories.co.uk/airfields/tempsford.html Wartime Memories Project] - Recollections from the war years.
* [http://harringtonmuseum.org.uk/HistoryTempsford.htm/ A History of RAF Tempsford] - A chronology of some of the main events at RAF Tempsford.
* [http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Bedfordshire/TempsfordAircrewLost1942.html RAF Tempsford Roll of Honour]
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/history%5Fold/h138.html RAF history of 138 Squadron]
* [http://www.raf.mod.uk/history%5Fold/h161.html RAF history of 161 Squadron]