Graenum Berger

Graenum Berger (1908-1999) was an American Communal administrator, institutional and communal planner, educator, world traveler, and the founding President of the American Association for Ethiopian Jews.

Born in Gloversville, New York of Jewish immigrant parents, in 1955, Graenum Berger met a group of Ethiopian Jewish students in Israel. He had known there was a Jewish tribe in Ethiopia, but knew little about them. He began reading, and writing letters, and in ten years accumulated a vast file of information. In Ethiopia in 1965, he found penniless Jews (known as "Falasha") trying to eke out a primitive living in a country that discriminated against them in every aspect of their lives. As a Jewish communal executive who knew all the professional and volunteer leaders in the American Jewish community, he assumed all he had to do was bring the problems of the Ethiopian Jews to their attention and they would be solved. He also presumed Israel would rise to the occasion and undertake a resettlement effort. He was wrong on both counts. So began his 35 year effort to bring the 50,000 member Ethiopian Jewish community to Israel, which eventually led to Operation Moses in 1984-85, and Operation Solomon in 1991 and the aliyah of the "Felash Mura" which continues to this day at the rate of 300 per month.

After 43 years of professional leadership, Berger retired in 1973. He authored a number of books including "The Jewish Community as a Fourth Force in American Jewish Life" (1966); "Black Jews in America" (1978); "The Turbulent Decades, vol. I and II" (1981); an autobiography, "Graenum" (1987); a biography about his brother, Ambassador Samuel D. Berger, "A Not So Silent Envoy" in 1992, and a memoir, "Rescue the Ethiopian Jews!" (1996), the story of his quest. Yeshiva University awarded Graenum the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters in 1973. In 1989, the "Graenum Berger Bronx Jewish Federation Service Center," a social welfare agency, was named in his honor. Dr. Berger died in 1999.