Transvaalse Staatsartillerie

The Transvaalse Staatsartillerie (Afrikaans for Transvaal State Artillery) is an artillery regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Territorial Army or United States Army National Guard unit. It is part of the South African Army Artillery Formation.

History

The first attempt by the South African Republic ("Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek" or "ZAR") to form a professional full-time artillery unit was "Batterij Dingaan" (Dingaan Battery), which could be seen as the forerunner of the Transvaalse Staatsartillerie. It should be noted that the use of artillery pieces was not completely foreign to the Boers and that they had used the few that they had to great effect during some battles that occurred during the Great Trek. However, prior to the formation of "Batterij Dingaan", all artillery units of the ZAR were part-time volunteers, organised under its commando system.

In 1874, President Thomas Francois Burgers purchased some artillery pieces for the intended permanent artillery corps of the ZAR in Europe and also recruited a number of European officers in order to assist in the organisation and development of this corps, due to the lack of adequately trained and experienced artillery officers in the ZAR.The first artillery pieces purchased was 4 Krupp 6,5 cm mountain guns and one obsolete French Mitrailleuse. The unit was commanded by Captain Otto Riedell, a former Austrian artillery officer. However, after the British annexation of the ZAR on 12 April 1877, "Batterij Dingaan" was disbanded. The members of the battery, most of who were not citizens of the ZAR, joined the three British volunteer corps, which had been created in order to assist the garrison with the defence of Pretoria.

Shortly after the British occupation of the ZAR ended in 1881, the executive council of the ZAR mandated the formation of the "Artillerie Korps van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek" (Artillery Corps of the South African Republic). During the same year the executive council also mandated the formation of the "Transvaalsche Rijdende Politie Korps" (Transvaal Mounted Police Corps). This police force was amalgamated with the artillery corps in 1882 under the name of "Transvaalsche Artillerie Corps" (Transvaal Artillery Corps). However, this amalgamation was found to be unfeasible and the artillery and policing functions were subsequently separated again. The artillery formation was named the "Staatsartillerie van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek" (State Artillery of the South African Republic) and had a strictly military function and structure.

Batteries of the Staatsartillerie went on to serve in the Malaboch War (1894) and the Mahoeba War (1894 - 1895).

After the Jameson Raid, the government of the ZAR decided to build a fort around the prison in Johannesburg as well as forts to defend Pretoria. In order to man these forts, the formation of a separate "Vesting Artillerie" (Fortress Artillery) was proposed. In 1898, despite some resistance to this idea (mainly because of the cost), the Volksraad approved increasing the manpower of the Staatsartillerie by 100 men in order to form the "Corps Vesting Artillerie" (Fortress Artillery Corps). This Corps was organised as an arm of the Staatsartillerie. By 1999 the Fortress Artillery Corps had grown to a unit with 9 officers and 148 men.

At this time, the Staatsartillerie was under the overall command of a lieutenant-colonel and was subdivided into several units, including:
* Field Artillery Corps
* Fortress Artillery Corps
* Telegraphic Section
* Medical Section
* Military Band

(The commanding officer of the Staatsartillerie was the sole person to hold the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the armed forces of the South African Republic. It was also the highest rank after the ZAR's Commandant-General.)

With the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War, the unit was reoganised. The Fortress Artillery was disbanded and the Military band was redesginated as Medical assistants. The main armament of the Staatsartillerie consisted of C96 Krupp 75 mm Field guns, 75mm Creusot field guns, 37mm Vickers Maxim "Pom-Pom", 120mm Krupp Howitsers and the famous 4 155mm Creusot Fortress guns or "Long Toms". The unit was divided into four divisions and sent to Natal, Mafeking, Colesberg and Kimberley. The Natal Front guns was commanded by Luitenant-Colonel S.P.E. Trichardt, the Kimberley guns by Luitenant Arthur Carlblom, the Mafeking guns by Captain Piet van der Merwe and the Colesberg guns by Luitenant Willem Baay. With the collapse of the Boer offensive, the Staatsartillerie retreated to the Free State in order to halt Lord Roberts' advance on Pretoria. After the capture of Pretoria, they retreated with the Boer forces to the Eastern Transvaal. Due to lack of ammunition and the changing Boer strategy, the guns were dumped in the Krodil River or blown up at Komati Poort. They were reoganised as a mounted infantry unit.

During the Boer War, the Staatsartillerie performed sterling service. They were the first modern artillery unit to use indirect fire ( Battle of Dalmanutha 21-27 August 1900) and the first to use their guns as fire support to the infantry. Their outstanding service led to Winston Churchill to comment " these are the finest gunners in the world....they can teach the Royal Artillery a lesson or two."

Officers of the Staatsartillerie 1899

Luitenant-Colonel S.P.E. TrichardtMajor P. ErasmusCaptain I.J. BosmanCaptain J.F. WolmaransLieutenant W.A. BaayLieutenant-Bandmaster J. Maggs Lieutenant Mike Du ToitLieutenant P.C Paff ( c-in-c, Signal and Telegraph Corps)Lieutenant J.M.A WolmaransLieutenant N.P. OelofseLieutenant A.T. CarlblomLieutenant E.B.E HoffmanLieutenant J.L. Pretorius ( nicknamed " Skote Petoors" or " Goodshot Petoors")Lieutenant M.J. De jagerLieutenant-Doctor W. Laxton ( c-in-c, Medical Corps)Lieutenant F. TownsendLieutenant T. Kroon ( drill instructor)

As war progressed, more officers was created, and a great deal of NCO's were promoted

Regimental Symbols

Their regimental badge was crossed guns, surmounted by an eagle ande the flaming grenade

Battle honours

As an artillery unit the Transvaalse Staatsartillerie did not receive any battle honours.