Haikouella

Taxobox

---

name = "Haikouella"
fossil_range = Early Cambrian
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
genus = "Haikouella"
binomial = "Haikouella lanceolata"
binomial_authority = Chen, Huang & Lii,

"Haikouella" is a probable chordate from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shales of Chengjiang County in Yunnan Province, China.

It is similar to the form "Yunnanozoon", which is almost somewhat more primitive and is possibly a hemichordate. Still, there are anatomical differences from "Yunnanozoon", including a larger stomach and smaller (0.1 mm) pharyngeal teeth. "Haikouella" does not have bones or a movable jaw, but it otherwise resembles vertebrates. Almost certain fish "Haikouichthys" and "Myllokunmingia" have been found in the same beds. Suspected hemichordates (more primitive chordates) are also known from these deposits as well as from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Other than possible fish scales/plates from the Upper Cambrian of Wyoming, these Chinese fish are the only known pre-Ordovician vertebrates.

"Haikouella" is known from 305 specimens mostly from a single bed in the Maotianshan shales of Yunnan province. The animal is 20 to 30 mm (40 mm max) in length and has a head, gills, brain, notochord, well developed musculature, heart and circulatory system. It has a bent caudal projection of the notochord that might be a primitive tail fin. It might have a pair of lateral eyes. Very small (0.1 mm) structures that are probably pharyngeal teeth are present in the body cavity. A few specimens display dorsal and ventral fins.

There is one known species, "Haikouella lanceolata" (Chen, Huang, Lii).

External links

* [http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v402/n6761/full/402518a0_r.html An extensive paper from Nature]
* [http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Sites/Chengjiang/Xidazoon-Haikouella/XidazoonHaikouella.htm Another description and large Haikouella mass mortality image]