Peter Bruff

Peter Schuyler Bruff (1812 - 1900), born in Portsmouth, England was a civil engineer most well known for founding the seaside resort town of Clacton on Sea, Essex, and for improving the lives of residents in the Essex towns of Walton-on-the-Naze, Colchester and Harwich. By the time of his death in 1900, Peter Bruff had helped turn what had thirty years before been an empty piece of farmland with a beach into the flourishing seaside town of Clacton on Sea.cite book | title=Civil Engineering Heritage| last=Labrum| first=E.A.| date=1994| pages=282| publisher=T. Telford| id=ISBN 072771970X]

Eastern Counties Railway

While working with Eastern Counties Railway from Shoreditch to Colchester, Bruff began work on the Chappel Viaduct, which was constructed between 1847 and 1849.Cite web|url=http://www.colnestour.org/viaduct_at_chappel.htm|title=The Viaduct at Chappel|accessdate=2008-03-11|publisher=The Colne-Stour Countryside Association] The viaduct carries the Sudbury Branch Line across the Colne Valley in Essex. It stands 80 feet above the river, has 32 arches and is 1,066 feet long. The viaduct contains 4.5 million bricks.Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/east/chappell_mm/index.shtml|title=Chappel Viaduct|accessdate=2008-03-11|publisher=BBC |work=Seven Man Made Wonders] It was Bruff's dream for the line to Colchester to carry on as far as Ipswich but the railway company did not have sufficient funds. As a result, Bruff formed his own company, the Eastern Union Railway, and built the line himself, including the 361 yd (330 m) tunnel through Stoke Hill by Ipswich railway station.cite book | title=The Impact of the Railway on Society in Britain| last=Simmons| first=Jack| coauthors=A.K.B. Evans, John Gough| pages=157| publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.| id=ISBN 0754609499]

Contributions to Walton

While working on the Ipswich line in 1855 he bought a house, Burnt House Farm, in Walton, an already an established but unremarkable town on the Essex coast near Frinton. He began to work on developing Walton as a recognized seaside resort.He took a major step in accomplishing this when in 1867, having accomplished the Ipswich line, he built another railway line, to Walton.Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/essex/content/articles/2005/07/01/coast05walks_stage6.shtml|title=Walton Town/Naze Park|accessdate=2008-03-11|publisher=BBC|year=2005-03-19|work=Essex - Coast] Peter Bruff's pier at Walton replaced an existing smaller pier which was blown down by a storm in 1881.cite book | title=Essex| last=Bettley| first=James| coauthors=David Andrews, Nigel Brown, James Kemble| date=2007| pages=816| publisher=Yale University Press| id=ISBN 0300116144] Bruff was also responsible for the building of the Marine Terrace, South Terrace (destroyed by bombing in World War II) and Clifton Baths (today the Pier Hotel).

Contributions to Clacton

Bruff is regarded by some as the Richard Branson of the 19th Centtury for the work he did in Clacton, which was virtually non-existent when he arrived.Cite web|url=http://www2.newsquest.co.uk/essex/local_interest/towns__villages/clacton/peterbruff.html|title=Clacton's 19th Century Branson|accessdate=2008-03-11|publisher=This is Essex|year=2000] Upon his arrival in 1864, Bruff made a private deal to buy 50 acres, the central part of the town, for around £10,000. The land concerned centred on the area each side of the Pier and back as far as Rosemary Lane. In approximately 1870, work began on the seaside resort of Clacton on Sea. The Times in 1871 wrote "That being an entirely new creation and not the adaptation of an existing town, none of the evils inseparable from the old watering holes will be allowed to exist in it. There will be no slums, nor do any object that can offend the eye."fact|date=March 2008 When the pier opened, the town began to truly grow.Cite web|url=http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/features/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=Features&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=features&itemid=IPED21%20Jul%202006%2015%3A45%3A48%3A803|title=Do you Remember Clacton's Steel Stella?|accessdate=2008-03-11|publisher=EADT 24|year=2006-07-22]

His later constructions in the town included: the Royal Hotel in 1872, a public hall in Pier Avenue, which was destroyed by a fire in 1939, and the creation of the town center. There is now a hospital ward named in Bruff's memory.Cite web|url=http://archive.clactonandfrintongazette.co.uk/2007/7/26/254968.html|title=Clacton: Bruff Issue Raised in Commons|accessdate=2008-03-11|year=2007-07-26|work=Clacton & Frinton Gazette]

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