Leglock

A leglock is a joint lock that is directed at joints of the leg such as the ankle, knee or hip joint. A leglock which are directed at joints in the foot is sometimes referred to as a foot lock and a lock at the hip as a hip lock. Leglocks are featured combat sports and martial arts such as Sambo, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, catch wrestling, mixed martial arts [http://www.mmasaddle.com] , Shootwrestling and submission wrestling, but are banned in some sports featuring joint locks such as Judo [International Judo Federation. [http://www.ijf.org/rule/rule_referee.php IJF Referee Rules] . "www.ijf.org". URL last accessed January 7 2006.] .

Leglocks are considered more difficult techniques to apply effectively than armlocks, since the legs are generally stronger limbs than the arms. Leglocks require full body leverage to be effective since they attack large joints, such as the knee. Compared to armlocks, leglocks usually require more intricate positions than the mount, sidecontrol or guard, and are often considered to be risky because of the possibility of losing position.

In training or sparring, leglocks are applied in a slow and controlled manner, and are often not hyperextended such as in the case of the comparatively dangerous heel hook. Instead, submission is signalled before the lock is fully applied. In self-defense application, or when applied improperly or with excessive force, leglocks can cause muscle, tendon and ligament damage, even dislocation or bone fractures.

Kneebar

A kneebar (technically known as a straight legbar) is a leglock which hyperextends the knee. The basic kneebar is performed similarly to an armbar by holding the opponents leg in between the legs and arms so the opponent's kneecap points towards the body. By pushing the hips forward, the opponent's leg is straightened, and further leveraging hyperextends the knee. A variation of the kneebar is done similarly, but instead of holding the leg with the hands, the opponent's foot is pushed behind one armpit. By pushing the shoulder backwards and pushing the hips forward, a greater amount of force is applied to the knee, and the lock becomes much more difficult to escape.

Ankle lock

An ankle lock (occasionally referred to as a shin lock) is a leglock that is applied to any of the joints in the ankle, typically by hyperextending the talocrural joint through plantar hyperflexion. Ankle locks are often applied in a manner which simultaneously causes a compression lock to the achilles tendon, or sometimes also to the calf muscle.

traight ankle lock

The straight ankle lock (depending on how it is performed also known as an achilles lock) is what is usually thought of as an ankle lock. It is typically performed using the legs to isolate one of the opponents legs, and placing the opponents foot in the armpit, while holding the foot with the forearm at the lower part of the opponent's calf, usually at the achilles tendon. By leveraging the hips forward, the foot becomes forcefully plantar flexed, hence creating a potent joint lock on the ankle. The forearm serves as a fulcrum in the leveraging, and may cause severe pressure on the achilles tendon, especially when the bony parts of the forearm are used. Such a straight ankle lock is sometimes referred to as an "achilles lock".

Toe hold

A toe hold involves using the hands to hyperextend and/or hyperrotate the ankle, typically by grabbing the foot near the toes, and twisting or pushing the foot while controlling the opponent's leg. A common type of toe hold is the figure-four toe hold, where a figure-four hold is used to hold the opponent's foot. This type of toe hold is performed by holding the foot by the toes with one hand, and putting the other hand under the opponent's achilles tendon, and grabbing the wrist. By controlling the opponent's body, and using the hands to plantar flex the foot either straight or slightly sideways, hence putting considerable torque on the ankle.

Heel hook

A heel hook is a leg lock affecting multiple joints, and is applied by transversely twisting the foot either medially or laterally. The torsional force puts severe torque on the ankle, which in turn transfers torque to the knee. The heel hook is generally considered to be a very dangerous leg lock, with a high rate of injury, especially to ligaments in the knee. It was subsequently banned in many combat sports featuring other leg locks such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu [International Brazilian Jiu-jitsu Federation. [http://www.cbjj.com.br/english/rules.htm Rules] . "www.cbjj.com.br". URL last accessed February 5 2006] and Sambo [Amateur Athletic Union. [http://www.aausports.org/handbooks/wrestling/XIX_sombo.pdf SOMBO competition] . "www.aausports.org". URL last accessed February 4 2006.] . The heel hook is however an allowed technique in some submission wrestling and mixed martial arts competitions.

There are several variations of heel hooks, with the most typical being performed by placing the legs around a leg of an opponent, and holding the opponent's foot in the armpit on the same side. The legs are used to control the movement of the opponent's body while the opponent's foot is twisted by holding the heel with the forearm, and using the whole body to generate a twisting motion, hence creating severe medial torque on the ankle. A similar heel hook can be performed by holding the opponent's foot in the opposite armpit, and twisting it laterally; a move which is referred to as an inverted, reverse or inside heel hook.

ee also

* For leglocks involving a separating motion of the knee, see Leg slicer.
* Armlock
* Small joint manipulation
* Spinal lock
* Wristlock

References

Main references

* Mixed Martial Arts Saddle Position. [http://www.mmasaddle.com Lower Half Positional Fighting] . "www.mmasaddle.com". URL last accessed October 17 2007.
* Bison Grappling. [http://bisons.net/training/heelhook.html Heel hook] . "bisons.net". URL last accessed February 5 2006.
* Gotch, Frank. [http://gnarlmaster.tripod.com/gnarlmaster/toehold.htm The toe hold] . "gnarlmaster.tripod.com". URL last accessed February 5 2006.
* Kesting, Stephan. [http://www.grapplearts.com/Ankle-Lock-Breakdown.htm Breaking down the Ankle Lock] , [http://www.grapplearts.com/Kneebar-Mastery.htm Kneebar Mastery: Fixing the Most Common Mistakes] . "www.grapplearts.com". URL last accessed February 5 2006.
* Pearson, Charlie. [http://www.lockflow.org/ Heel hook] . "www.lockflow.org". URL last accessed February 4 2006.
* Riccaldi, Alain. [http://www.fightordie.it/articolo_157.html Catch Wrestling Leg Locks] . "www.fightordie.it". URL last accessed February 5 2006. (In Italian)
* Trnka, Tue. [http://www.mmareporter.dk/?id=26 MMA-ordbogen] . "www.mmareporter.dk". URL last accessed February 5 2006. (In Danish)

Other references

External links

* [http://216.87.8.79/BHMSombo/Techniques/Hiplocks/HipLocks.htm Hip Locks] . Hip lock techniques.

Lower-Half Positional Fighting Instructions

* [http://www.mmasaddle.com] . The Mixed Martial Arts Saddle - Submissions from Positions: Full Saddle, Side Saddle, Reverse Saddle and Rear Saddle

Kneebar instructions

* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=36 Knee Bar] . Basic knee bar.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=63 Foot Pull Knee Bar] . Kneebar from the half guard position.
* [http://www.grapplearts.com/Kneebar-Q&A.htm Kneebar Leglock Q & A] . Information about common problems in performing kneebars.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech043.html Rolling Kneebar From Tie Up]

Ankle lock instructions

* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=32 Achilles Lock] . Basic straight ankle lock.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech050.html Quasimodo Shin Lock] . An ankle lock that can be performed from the top in the guard.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=45 Figure 4 Toe Hold] . Basic toe hold.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=133 Knee Crush Toe Hold] . A toe hold from the top in the guard
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=465 Tyrone Glover's Toe Hold] .

Heel hook instructions

* [http://www.grapplearts.com/Clinch-Punching-Counter.htm Clinch to Inside Trip to Heel Hook vs. Punching] . Basic heel hook.
* [http://www.lockflow.com/article_view.php?id=576 Bicep Grip Heel Hook] (sic). Variation of the grip in the heel hook
* [http://www.bjj.org/techniques/cesar/sub5/ Heel Hook] . Basic inverted heel hook.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech014.html Ankle Pick To Heel Hook] . Another inverted heel hook.
* [http://www.geocities.com/josephgarza/tech010.html Heel Hook From Your Opponents Guard] Heel hook using the legs.