Tazmamart

Tazmamart was a secret prison in south-eastern Morocco at the Atlas Mountains, holding political prisoners. The prison became a monument ofgeneral oppression in the political history of contemporary Morocco. It is located near the city of Er-Rich, between Errachida and Midelt.

History

Tazmamart Prison was built in 1972 [http://www.merip.org/mer/mer218/218_maghraoui.html] , after the second failed coup d'etat against the late Hassan II of Morocco in August 1973, 58 army officers were sent to Kenitra prison and later to Tazmamart. According to Ali Bourequat, the prison later held also some Sahrawi nationalists and other "disappeared" political offenders.Fact|date=August 2007

During the 1980s, there were allegations about the existence of a prison called Tazmamart. Authorities (or Makhzen) were denying all of those allegations. It was not until the publishing of the book "Notre ami le Roi" ("Our friend the King") by French journalist Gilles Perrault in 1990 that the issue was raised to a political level.

In 1991, and after pressure from international human rights groups and some foreign governments, Hassan II of Morocco decided to close down the prison and release the last remaining detainees. Some fled abroad, others stayed in Morocco, but were prevented from discussing their experiences in Tazmamart publicly [http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/morocco.html] .

Human conditions

According to some former detainees and human rights groups, conditions at Tazmamart were extremely harsh. While torture and ill treatment occurred, the appalling prison conditions were the biggest threat to the lives of inmates.

The prisoners were put in cramped single-person underground cells 24 hours a day. They were allowed no human contact, no light, and very little in the way of food or protection from the summer heat, or winter cold. There was no medical treatment for damages caused by torture and diseases like tuberculosis. Also, the food rations were minimal. [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/28999DD1-D493-4608-B08A-58FA583277FF.htm] There are also allegations of executions. [http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/308/6936/1111] . All in all, 35 prisoners, or more than half of the people incarcerated at Tazmamart during the eighteen years died [http://hrw.org/wr2k2/mena6.html] , before the prison was finally closed in 1991.

Post-"Years of lead"

Rumours about Tazmamart's existence were put about as an instrument of terror by the makhzen, but even though several human rights organizations had reported on existence of Tazmamart [http://www.hrw.org/reports/1990/WR90/MIDEAST.BOU-08.htm] , the regime officially denied all knowledge of the prison until 1991 [http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE290051993?open&of=ENG-MAR] , when US pressure forced the release of the surviving prisoners. The camp was closed along with several others of its kind, but Tazmamart remains a particularly powerful symbol of the oppressive "years of lead" in Morocco. Survivors have staged memorial marches to the prison. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/962191.stm]

Rumours persist about the continued existence of Tazmamart-style camps in Morocco, as it has been documented that secret detention and torture of suspects continues, possibly in collaboration with the American CIA (see Black sites). [http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/morocco_and_western_sahara/document.do?id=B7B37299213DFC8680256EB40062F63A] [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1664612,00.html]

Publications by former inmates

Several of the former inmates have since written books on their sometimes decades-long stay in Tazmamart, for example Ali Bourequat's "In the Moroccan King's Secret Gardens" and Ahmad Marzouki's "Tazmamart: Cell No. 10". Famous Moroccan writer Tahar Ben Jelloun has written "This Blinding Absence of Light", based on the experiences of one Tazmamart prisoner. [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/94C77EBF-96B7-4C4D-8FBF-81CB500A65A3.htm]

ee also

*Years of lead

Further reading

*Ali Bourequat (1998), "In the Moroccan King's Secret Gardens", Maurice Publishers
*Ahmed Marzouki (2000), "Tazmamart Cellule 10" ("Tazmamart Cell 10"), Editions Paris Méditerranée; Casablanca: Tarik Editions (ISBN 2-07-041991-6)
**Interview with Mr. Marzouki: [http://www.fidh.org/lettres/2001/ang/n45a.htm]
*Tahar Ben Jelloun (2001), "Cette aveuglante absence de lumière" ("That Blinding Absence of Light"), Editions du Seuil and New Press , (ISBN 1-56584-723-7) -
**Summaries of the book: [http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/529/bo6.htm] & [http://dannymorrison.ie/articles/silence.php]
*Christine Daure-Serfaty (2002), "Tazmamart", (ISBN 2-234-02472-2)

External links

* [http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/morocco_and_western_sahara/document.do?id=D560250A050C4099802569A6006018CF Amnesty International] Statement on the detention of Ali Bourequat and his two brothers
* [http://www.economist.com/World/africa/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID=486729 Royal Gulag] , article from The Economist