Louis Bertrand Castel

Louis Bertrand Castel (15 November 1688 – 9 January 1757) was a French mathematician born in Montpellier, and entered the order of the Jesuits in 1703. Having studied literature, he afterwards devoted himself entirely to mathematics and natural philosophy. He wrote several scientific works, that which attracted most attention at the time being his "Optique des couleurs" (1740), or treatise on the melody of colors. He also wrote "Traité de physique sur la pesanteur universelle des corps" (1724), "Mathématique universelle" (1728), and a critical account of the system of Sir Isaac Newton in 1743.

Work in Optics

It was in 1740 that Louis Bertrand Castel published a criticism of Newton's spectral description of prismatic colour [cite book | title = L'Optique des couleurs | publisher = Paris | year = 1740 | author = Louis-Bertrand Castel] in which he observed that the colours of white light split by a prism depended on the distance from the prism, and that Newton was looking at a special case. It was an argument that Goethe later developed in his Theory of Colours. [cite book | title = Instruments and the Imagination | author = Thomas L. Hankins and Robert J. Silverman | publisher = Princeton UniversityPress | year = 1995 | ibsn = 0691005494 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=O9e_7E22caAC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=castel+goethe+colour&source=web&ots=q1NdUXW7z4&sig=N0V8SefvQTAqbF2cLMI3IG84-Q8#PPA83,M1 ]

The Ocular Harpsichord

Early on, Castel illustrated his optical theories with a proposal for a "Clavecin pour les yeux" ("Ocular Harpsichord", 1725). While the treatise and the illustration were apparently forgotten, [cite book | title = A New General Biographical Dictionary | author = Hugh James Rose | publisher = London: B. Fellowes, &c | year = 1857 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=PiMkIyIgKJcC&pg=PA107&dq=%22Ocular+Harpsichord%22+forgotten&as_brr=3&ei=85KFR6WiD4OssgPY-MHQBQ&ie=ISO-8859-1 ] he continually developed the idea. It was soon after the publication of his L'Optiquedes couleurs in the 1740's, that German composer Telemann went to France to see Castel's Ocular Harpsichord for himself. He ended up composing several pieces for it, and even wrote a book about it.

The ocular harpsichord had sixty small coloured glass panes, each with a curtain that opened when a key was struck. A second, improved model of the harpsichord was demonstrated for a small audience in December of 1754. Pressing a key caused a small shaft to open, in turn allowing light to shine through a piece of stained glass. [ [http://www.musictheory21.com/jae-sung/syllabus/graduate/rameau-studies/2002-1/documents/color-and-music.pdf Jae-sung PDF] ] [ [http://homepage.eircom.net/~musima/visualmusic/visualmusic.htm Maura McDonnell, "Visual music".] ] Castel thought of color-music as akin to the lost language of paradise, where all men spoke alike, and he claimed that thanks to his instrument’s capacity to paint sounds, even a deaf listener could enjoy music. [ [http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/22/peel.php "The Scale and the Spectrum"] James Peel Cabinet (magazine), Winter 2006 ]

See also

* Color organ
* Theory of Colours

External links

* [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Louis_Bertrand_Castel 1911 Britannica article "Louis Bertrand Castel"]
* [http://www.laweekly.com/general/features/pure-energy/15277 LA Weekly "Laserium" article]

References